When it comes to contraception, there are several methods available for women’s birth control. One of these methods is the use of a contraceptive device called a diaphragm. The diaphragm is a female barrier method that provides an effective way to prevent pregnancy.
A diaphragm is a dome-shaped, silicone or latex device that is inserted into the vagina and covers the cervix. It acts as a physical barrier, preventing sperm from reaching the uterus and fertilizing an egg. Additionally, the diaphragm is used in conjunction with a contraceptive gel or cream, which helps to immobilize and kill sperm.
Using a diaphragm for birth control offers women a non-hormonal option to prevent pregnancy. It can be inserted up to two hours before sexual intercourse and must be left in place for at least six hours after. The diaphragm is reusable and can be washed and stored for future use. However, it is important to note that the diaphragm does not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
Before using a diaphragm, it is essential to consult with a healthcare professional or a gynecologist to ensure proper fitting and instructions for use. They will measure and fit the diaphragm to ensure it is the correct size and provide guidance on how to insert and remove it. It may take a few practice runs before becoming comfortable with the diaphragm.
What is a Diaphragm for Birth Control?
A diaphragm is a contraceptive device for women that is used as a barrier method of birth control. It is a flexible, dome-shaped cup made of silicone or latex that is inserted into the vagina prior to sexual intercourse.
The diaphragm works by creating a barrier between the sperm and the cervix, preventing the sperm from reaching the egg and therefore preventing pregnancy. It is designed to fit snugly against the walls of the vagina and covers the cervix, blocking the sperm’s path.
The diaphragm should be used in conjunction with a contraceptive gel or cream that helps to provide additional spermicide and increase its effectiveness. Proper size and insertion technique are key for optimal protection, and it is recommended for women to visit their healthcare provider to get fitted for a diaphragm.
Although the diaphragm is a safe and effective form of birth control, it does not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Therefore, it is important for women to use a male or female condom in addition to the diaphragm to reduce the risk of STIs.
The diaphragm is a non-hormonal contraceptive option that puts women in control of their own reproductive health. It can be a convenient and reliable method for those who want to avoid hormonal birth control methods or who cannot use other forms of contraception due to health reasons. It is important for women to carefully follow the instructions for use and to regularly check their diaphragm for any signs of damage or wear.
Understanding the Female Birth Control Device
The female contraceptive device, known as the diaphragm, is a barrier method of birth control designed specifically for women. It is a flexible, dome-shaped device that is inserted into the vagina to cover the cervix and prevent sperm from entering the uterus.
The diaphragm is made of a soft, rubber material that is both comfortable and easy to insert. It is available in different sizes to fit the anatomy of each woman. Prior to insertion, the diaphragm should be coated with a spermicide, a gel or cream that kills sperm. This additional step helps to enhance its effectiveness as a contraceptive method.
How does the diaphragm work?
When properly inserted, the diaphragm creates a physical barrier between the vagina and the cervix, preventing sperm from passing through. It also blocks the sperm’s journey to the fallopian tubes, where fertilization of an egg typically occurs. The spermicide used with the diaphragm further immobilizes and kills sperm, adding an extra layer of protection against pregnancy.
It’s important to note that the diaphragm does not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs). It is solely meant for contraception. Women who are at risk of contracting STIs should use a barrier method, such as a condom, in addition to the diaphragm.
How to use the diaphragm correctly
- Before inserting the diaphragm, it is important to wash hands thoroughly to prevent any potential infections.
- Apply a small amount of spermicide to the inner surface of the diaphragm, ensuring that it covers the edges and center.
- Fold the diaphragm in half and insert it into the vagina, pushing it as far back and up as possible.
- Make sure the cervix is completely covered by adjusting the position of the diaphragm if necessary.
- Avoid removing the diaphragm for at least six hours after intercourse to ensure maximum effectiveness. However, it should not be left in for more than 24 hours.
- After use, wash the diaphragm with mild soap and water, and store it in a clean, dry container.
It’s important for women to be aware of their own bodies and confident in their ability to correctly use the diaphragm. Communicating with a healthcare provider to receive proper instruction and guidance is highly recommended.
The diaphragm offers women an effective and non-hormonal method of contraception. Its reusability makes it a cost-effective option for long-term birth control. However, it is important to remember that the diaphragm does require careful and consistent use to ensure maximum effectiveness.
How Does the Contraceptive Diaphragm Work?
The contraceptive diaphragm is a barrier method of contraception for women, which works by preventing sperm from reaching the egg and fertilizing it. It is a small, flexible, dome-shaped device that is inserted into the vagina prior to sexual intercourse.
The diaphragm acts as a physical barrier that covers the cervix, the opening of the uterus, and prevents sperm from entering. It is made of medical-grade silicone or latex and is designed to fit snugly against the walls of the vagina.
Before using the diaphragm, a woman should first determine the correct size by consulting with her healthcare provider. Once the correct size is determined, the diaphragm should be inserted into the vagina and positioned over the cervix. It should be used together with a spermicide, which helps to immobilize and kill sperm.
| Advantages of using the contraceptive diaphragm: | Disadvantages of using the contraceptive diaphragm: |
|---|---|
| – It is a non-hormonal method of contraception. | – It needs to be inserted correctly before each act of intercourse. |
| – It can be used as needed, with no long-term commitment. | – It does not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs). |
| – It does not interfere with a woman’s natural hormones. | – It may increase the risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in some women. |
Overall, the contraceptive diaphragm is a reliable method of birth control for women who want a non-hormonal option. It provides them with control over their reproductive health and allows them to have protected intercourse without relying on hormonal contraception.
Advantages of Using a Diaphragm for Birth Control
A diaphragm is a female contraceptive device that provides women with a reliable and effective method of birth control. This barrier method of contraception offers several advantages for women’s reproductive health.
- Non-hormonal: Unlike hormonal methods, such as birth control pills, patches, or injections, the diaphragm does not alter a woman’s natural hormonal balance. This means that it does not interfere with menstrual cycles or cause any hormonal side effects.
- Safe: The diaphragm is considered a safe method of birth control when used correctly. It does not involve the use of chemicals or hormones, reducing the risk of potential health complications.
- Effective: When used consistently and correctly, the diaphragm has a high effectiveness rate in preventing pregnancy. It provides a physical barrier that blocks sperm from entering the cervix, reducing the chances of fertilization.
- Reusable: A diaphragm can be reused multiple times, making it a cost-effective option for long-term contraception. With proper care and maintenance, a diaphragm can last for several years, providing an affordable birth control solution.
- Control: Using a diaphragm gives women more control over their reproductive health. It allows them to actively participate in the decision-making process and take charge of their own contraception.
Overall, the diaphragm offers women a reliable, non-hormonal, safe, effective, and reusable method of birth control. It provides control and empowers women to make informed choices about their reproductive health.
Possible Side Effects of the Diaphragm
The diaphragm is a barrier device that is commonly used by women for birth control. As a female contraceptive, the diaphragm provides women with control over their reproductive health by acting as a physical barrier to block sperm from entering the cervix and reaching the egg. However, it is important to be aware of possible side effects associated with the use of the diaphragm.
Some women may experience discomfort or irritation when using the diaphragm. This can result from the device not fitting properly or from an allergic reaction to the materials used in the diaphragm. It is important to ensure that the diaphragm is the correct size and properly inserted to minimize discomfort or irritation.
In rare cases, some women may develop an infection while using the diaphragm as a form of contraception. This can occur if the diaphragm is not cleaned properly before and after each use or if it is left in place for an extended period of time. It is important to follow the manufacturer’s instructions for cleaning and care to reduce the risk of infection.
Some women may also experience an increased risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs) when using the diaphragm. This can occur if the diaphragm puts pressure on the urethra, making it more difficult for bacteria to be flushed out of the urinary tract. Women who are prone to UTIs should discuss alternative forms of contraception with their healthcare provider.
It is important to note that the diaphragm does not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs). If you are at risk for STIs, it is important to use a barrier method, such as a condom, in conjunction with the diaphragm.
If you experience any severe side effects or have concerns about the use of the diaphragm as a form of contraception, it is important to consult with your healthcare provider. They can provide guidance and address any questions or concerns you may have.
In summary, while the diaphragm is a safe and effective method of birth control for many women, it is important to be aware of possible side effects. By properly fitting and caring for the diaphragm, women can reduce the risk of discomfort, irritation, infection, and urinary tract infections associated with its use.
Choosing the Right Size Diaphragm
A diaphragm is a barrier device used by women as a method of contraception. It is a flexible, dome-shaped cup made of latex or silicone that covers the cervix and blocks sperm from entering the uterus. To ensure effective birth control, it is important to choose the right size diaphragm that fits comfortably and securely.
Why Size Matters
Women’s bodies vary in shape and size, so it is essential to choose a diaphragm that matches your individual anatomy. Using the wrong size diaphragm can compromise its effectiveness in preventing pregnancy. If the diaphragm is too small, it may not cover the cervix completely, allowing sperm to pass through. Conversely, if the diaphragm is too large, it may not stay in place and can cause discomfort during intercourse.
Getting the Right Fit
To determine the correct size diaphragm, it is recommended to consult a healthcare provider or a trained professional. They can measure your cervix and recommend the appropriate size based on your anatomy. It is important to note that the size of the diaphragm is not related to the woman’s overall body size or weight.
When trying out different sizes, it’s important to consider the following factors:
- The diaphragm should fit snugly against the vaginal walls without causing discomfort.
- It should cover the cervix completely to create a barrier against sperm.
- The diaphragm should be easy to insert and remove.
- It should not interfere with sexual pleasure.
Using the right size diaphragm is crucial for the effectiveness of this contraceptive method. It is essential to follow the manufacturer’s instructions on how to correctly insert and remove the diaphragm and to regularly check its condition for any signs of wear and tear.
Instructions for Inserting and Removing the Diaphragm
The diaphragm is a female contraceptive device that provides a barrier method of birth control for women. It is a flexible, dome-shaped cup made of silicone or latex that is placed inside the vagina to cover the cervix, preventing sperm from entering the uterus.
Here are the step-by-step instructions for inserting and removing the diaphragm:
1. Wash your hands: Before touching the diaphragm, make sure to wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water.
2. Find a comfortable position: Find a comfortable position, such as squatting, standing with one leg up, or lying down with your knees bent, to insert the diaphragm.
3. Apply spermicide: Squeeze about one tablespoon of spermicide into the diaphragm’s dome and spread a thin layer around the rim.
4. Fold the diaphragm: Fold the diaphragm in half with the dome facing up. You can also fold it in thirds for easier insertion.
5. Insert the diaphragm: Insert the folded diaphragm into your vagina, aiming towards the small of your back. Use your finger to push it up until it covers the cervix and feels comfortable.
6. Check the placement: After inserting the diaphragm, use your finger to feel around the rim to ensure that it covers the entire cervix. The rim should be snug against the vaginal walls.
7. Leave it in place: The diaphragm should be left in place for at least six hours after intercourse. It can be left in for up to 24 hours, but not longer.
8. Removal: To remove the diaphragm, wash your hands, insert your finger into your vagina, and hook it under the rim of the diaphragm. Gently pull it down and out.
Remember, the diaphragm is a form of contraception that women can control. It is important to use the diaphragm correctly and consistently to ensure its effectiveness in preventing pregnancy. Consult with your healthcare provider to determine if the diaphragm is a suitable contraceptive method for you.
Tips for Proper Care and Cleaning of the Diaphragm
As a method of contraception, the diaphragm is a popular choice among women who prefer a barrier contraceptive to control their reproductive health. Proper care and cleaning of the diaphragm is essential for maintaining its effectiveness and preventing any potential infections or damage.
Here are some tips to help women with the care and cleaning of their diaphragm:
| 1. Wash your hands | Before handling the diaphragm, always make sure to wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water to prevent any bacteria or germs from contaminating the diaphragm. |
| 2. Rinse with water | After each use, rinse the diaphragm with lukewarm water to remove any remaining spermicide or other substances. Avoid using hot water or harsh soaps, as they can damage the diaphragm. |
| 3. Use mild soap | Once a day, you can clean the diaphragm with a mild soap. Make sure to rinse it thoroughly to remove any soap residue before using it again. |
| 4. Store properly | After cleaning, store the diaphragm in its container, away from direct sunlight and excessive heat. Avoid storing it in plastic bags or airtight containers, as they can trap moisture and promote the growth of bacteria. |
| 5. Inspect for damages | Regularly inspect the diaphragm for any signs of damage, such as tears, holes, or worn-out edges. If you notice any damage, replace the diaphragm immediately to ensure its effectiveness. |
| 6. Replace regularly | The diaphragm should be replaced every one to two years, or as recommended by your healthcare provider. Over time, the diaphragm can become less flexible and may not provide adequate barrier protection. |
By following these tips for proper care and cleaning of the diaphragm, women can ensure a longer lifespan for their contraceptive device and maintain optimal protection against unwanted pregnancies.
Is the Diaphragm Effective in Preventing Pregnancy?
The diaphragm is a female barrier contraceptive device that women can use for birth control. It is a flexible dome-shaped cup made of silicone or latex that is inserted into the vagina prior to sexual intercourse. The diaphragm works by covering the cervix and preventing sperm from reaching the egg, thereby reducing the risk of pregnancy.
When used correctly and consistently, the diaphragm is an effective method of contraception. According to studies, the diaphragm has a typical failure rate of 12% for women who have never given birth and 24% for women who have given birth. However, the failure rate decreases significantly with correct and consistent use, ranging from 2-6%. It is important for women to follow the instructions provided by their healthcare provider on how to properly insert, remove, and clean the diaphragm.
It is also important to note that the diaphragm does not offer protection against sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Therefore, if you are at risk of contracting an STI, it is recommended to use the diaphragm in combination with a condom or another form of barrier method.
In conclusion, the diaphragm is an effective and reversible method of contraception for women. It provides women with control over their reproductive health and can be a suitable option for those who prefer non-hormonal methods of birth control.
Combining the Diaphragm with Other Contraceptive Methods
The diaphragm is a device that women can use as a barrier method of contraception. It is a female-controlled method of birth control that provides reliable protection against pregnancy when used correctly. However, some women may choose to combine the diaphragm with other contraceptive methods to increase their level of protection.
One common combination is using the diaphragm along with a spermicide. Spermicides are chemicals that kill sperm and are available in the form of creams, gels, foams, and suppositories. When used together, the diaphragm and spermicide provide a double barrier against pregnancy. The diaphragm blocks the entrance of sperm into the cervix, while the spermicide destroys any sperm that may manage to enter.
Another combination is using the diaphragm with hormonal contraception. Hormonal methods, such as birth control pills, patches, injections, and implants, work by preventing ovulation and altering the lining of the uterus. When used in combination with the diaphragm, hormonal contraception provides a dual method of protection. The diaphragm acts as a physical barrier, while the hormonal method prevents the release of eggs and affects the sperm’s ability to reach the eggs.
It is important for women to discuss their options with a healthcare provider to determine the most suitable combination of contraceptive methods for their needs. Every woman’s body is different, and what works for one woman may not work for another. Additionally, using multiple methods of contraception can provide additional peace of mind, as it adds an extra layer of protection against unintended pregnancy.
In conclusion, the diaphragm can be effectively combined with other contraceptive methods to enhance women’s control over their reproductive health. Whether it is used with spermicides or hormonal contraception, combining the diaphragm with other methods provides a higher level of protection against pregnancy. It is essential for women to consult with their healthcare provider to determine the best combination that suits their individual needs and preferences.
Common Myths and Misconceptions About the Diaphragm
There are several common myths and misconceptions about the diaphragm as a contraceptive method for women. It’s important to dispel these myths and provide accurate information to ensure that women can make informed choices about contraception.
Myth 1: The Diaphragm is Only for Women
A common misconception is that the diaphragm is only for female use. In reality, the diaphragm is a barrier method that can be used by both women and men to prevent pregnancy. It is inserted into the vagina before sexual intercourse to block the sperm from entering the uterus.
Myth 2: The Diaphragm is Less Effective Than Other Methods
Some people believe that the diaphragm is not as effective as other contraceptive methods, but this is not true. When used correctly and consistently, the diaphragm can be just as effective as other forms of birth control. It is important to follow the instructions for insertion and removal carefully to ensure maximum effectiveness.
Myth 3: The Diaphragm is Uncomfortable
Another common misconception is that the diaphragm is uncomfortable to wear. While it may take some getting used to, many women find that the diaphragm is comfortable and easy to use once they become familiar with it. It is important to find the right size diaphragm for your body to ensure a proper fit and optimal comfort.
Myth 4: The Diaphragm Interferes with Women’s Sexual Pleasure
Some people mistakenly believe that the diaphragm can interfere with women’s sexual pleasure. However, when properly inserted, the diaphragm should not be felt by either partner during intercourse. It is important to position the diaphragm correctly and ensure that it is in place before engaging in sexual activity.
Myth 5: The Diaphragm is Difficult to Use
While using the diaphragm may require some practice in the beginning, many women find that it becomes easier over time. With proper instruction and practice, inserting and removing the diaphragm can become a quick and simple process. It is important to consult with a healthcare provider for guidance and support when first using the diaphragm.
By debunking these common myths and misconceptions, women can make informed choices about using the diaphragm as a contraceptive method. It is a safe and effective option for birth control that can provide women with control over their reproductive health.
Diaphragm Availability and Cost
The diaphragm is a female-controlled method of contraception that provides women with an effective and convenient option for birth control. This device is a barrier contraceptive that is inserted into the vagina before intercourse to prevent sperm from reaching the uterus. The diaphragm is a reusable device, which makes it cost-effective in the long run.
Diaphragms are available by prescription from healthcare providers. Women can consult with their gynecologists or family planning clinics to obtain a diaphragm. During the initial visit, the healthcare provider will determine the appropriate size of the diaphragm, which is based on the woman’s anatomy.
The cost of a diaphragm can vary depending on factors such as the brand and the region. On average, the cost of a diaphragm ranges from $25 to $75. However, this cost should be considered as an initial investment, as the diaphragm can be used for up to two years with proper care and maintenance.
It is important to note that diaphragms are not covered by all insurance plans. Some women may need to pay out-of-pocket for the diaphragm and the associated healthcare visits. However, many family planning clinics offer low-cost or sliding scale fees for women who are unable to afford the full cost of the device.
| Pros | Cons |
|---|---|
| Effective | Requires fitting by a healthcare provider |
| Can be used as part of a women’s control over contraception | Some women may find it difficult to insert and remove |
| Provides immediate protection | Does not protect against sexually transmitted infections |
| Reusable and cost-effective | Needs to be used with spermicide for maximum effectiveness |
In conclusion, the diaphragm is a reliable and affordable contraceptive option for women. Although it may require an initial investment and fitting by a healthcare provider, the diaphragm provides women with the freedom to control their own contraception and protect against unintended pregnancy.
Consulting with a Healthcare Provider about the Diaphragm
When considering the diaphragm as a barrier method of birth control, it is important for women to consult with a healthcare provider. A diaphragm is a female contraceptive device that is inserted into the vagina, creating a barrier to prevent sperm from reaching the cervix and fertilizing an egg. Consulting with a healthcare provider can provide women with the necessary information and guidance to ensure that the diaphragm is the right method of contraception for them.
During a consultation, a healthcare provider will discuss the effectiveness, proper usage, and potential side effects of the diaphragm. They will also assess factors such as the woman’s overall health, any pelvic abnormalities, and previous pregnancies to determine if the diaphragm is a suitable option. This personalized guidance ensures that the diaphragm is the right choice for contraception based on the woman’s individual circumstances.
Additionally, a healthcare provider can give women a prescription for a diaphragm and provide instruction on how to properly insert and remove the device. They will also explain the importance of using the diaphragm in conjunction with a contraceptive gel or cream to increase its effectiveness. Women will learn how to accurately assess the size of their cervix and select the appropriate diaphragm size for a comfortable and secure fit.
Moreover, consulting with a healthcare provider allows for ongoing support and a chance to address any concerns or questions that may arise. They can offer guidance on how to maintain proper hygiene while using the diaphragm and provide information on scheduling routine check-ups to ensure the device is still functioning correctly. This regular communication with a healthcare provider ensures that women feel confident and informed about the diaphragm as their chosen method of birth control.
Overall, consulting with a healthcare provider about the diaphragm is an essential step for women who are considering this contraceptive method. It provides women with the opportunity to receive personalized guidance, prescription, and ongoing support to ensure that the diaphragm is used correctly and effectively for contraception.
Alternative Barrier Methods for Female Contraception
With the birth of a diaphragm, women gained a new alternative barrier method for contraceptive control. As a female contraceptive device, the diaphragm offers women a non-hormonal option for preventing pregnancy. Unlike other methods that rely on medications or devices inserted into the body, the diaphragm is a contraceptive device that women can control.
When used correctly, the diaphragm can be a highly effective method of contraception. Made of a flexible material, the diaphragm is inserted into the vagina and covers the cervix, preventing sperm from entering the uterus. It is important for women to properly fit the diaphragm to ensure maximum effectiveness and prevent any discomfort.
While the diaphragm is a popular barrier method for female contraception, there are other options available. Women can also consider using cervical caps or female condoms as alternative barrier methods. Both these options work in a similar way, acting as a physical barrier to prevent sperm from reaching the egg.
It is important for women to discuss with their healthcare provider the different contraception options available to them and choose the method that best suits their needs. Each woman’s body is unique, and finding the right contraceptive method may take some trial and error. However, with a variety of alternative barrier methods available, women have the ability to take control of their contraception and make informed decisions about their reproductive health.
Comparing the Diaphragm to Other Female Contraceptive Options
When it comes to contraception, women have a variety of options to choose from. One method that has been used for many years is the diaphragm, a barrier device that women can use for birth control.
The diaphragm is a flexible, dome-shaped device that is inserted into the vagina and covers the cervix. It works by preventing sperm from reaching the egg, thus preventing fertilization. It is a non-hormonal method of contraception, which may be appealing to women who prefer to avoid hormonal methods.
Compared to other barrier methods, such as condoms or cervical caps, the diaphragm offers a higher level of effectiveness. When used correctly and consistently, it can provide up to 94% protection against pregnancy. However, it is important to note that its effectiveness can be lower if not used correctly or if it becomes dislodged during sexual intercourse.
One advantage of the diaphragm is that it can be used with additional contraceptive options, such as spermicide. Spermicide is a substance that immobilizes or kills sperm, further enhancing the diaphragm’s effectiveness. The diaphragm can also be inserted several hours before sexual activity, providing flexibility and convenience.
It is important for women to consider their individual needs and preferences when choosing a contraceptive method. The diaphragm may be a suitable option for women who are looking for a non-hormonal form of birth control that is effective, reversible, and does not require daily attention. However, it is always recommended to consult with a healthcare provider to determine the best method of contraception for each individual woman.
| Contraceptive Option | Effectiveness | Hormonal | Reversible | Requires Daily Attention |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diaphragm | Up to 94% | No | Yes | No |
| Condoms | Up to 98% | No | Yes | Yes |
| Cervical Cap | Up to 91% | No | Yes | No |
| Birth Control Pills | Up to 99% | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Important Considerations for Using a Diaphragm
When it comes to women’s birth control options, the diaphragm is a commonly used method. This device is a female barrier contraceptive that provides a physical barrier between the cervix and sperm, preventing pregnancy.
Before deciding to use a diaphragm, there are a few important considerations to keep in mind. First, it is crucial to remember that the diaphragm only works if used correctly and consistently. Proper insertion and removal techniques, as well as regular cleaning and maintenance, are essential for its effectiveness.
Another factor to consider is the necessity of a healthcare provider’s assistance when determining the correct size of a diaphragm. It is essential to have a proper fitting to ensure optimal effectiveness. Therefore, it is recommended to consult a healthcare professional to determine the appropriate size.
Additionally, women must be aware that the diaphragm should always be used in conjunction with a spermicide. Spermicide is a substance that kills sperm and provides an additional layer of protection against pregnancy. Applying the spermicide correctly, both inside the diaphragm and around the rim, is crucial for effective contraception.
Furthermore, the diaphragm must be inserted prior to any sexual activity and should remain in place for at least six hours after intercourse. It is important not to remove the diaphragm too soon as this could compromise its effectiveness in preventing pregnancy.
Lastly, regular check-ups with a healthcare provider are critical when using a diaphragm. This ensures that the device is still fitting correctly and providing the intended protection against pregnancy. If any issues or concerns arise, it is important to consult a healthcare professional promptly.
In conclusion, the diaphragm is a safe and effective method of birth control for women. However, it is vital to understand and adhere to the important considerations discussed above to ensure its proper use and reliability as a contraceptive method.