Does increased discharge during pregnancy signify a problem? The answer is no. In fact, it is a common symptom that many women experience in the early stages of their pregnancy. This increased discharge is a result of hormonal changes that occur in the body during pregnancy.
So, what causes this increased discharge? The main cause is an increase in estrogen levels, which stimulate the production of cervical mucus. This mucus acts as a protective barrier, preventing the entry of harmful bacteria into the uterus. It also helps to keep the cervix moist and facilitates the movement of sperm through the reproductive system.
While this increased discharge is considered normal and is not usually a cause for concern, it is important to be aware of any changes in color, consistency, or odor. If you notice any unusual symptoms or have concerns about your pregnancy, it is always best to consult with your healthcare provider.
What can you expect when it comes to early pregnancy discharge? Generally, you can expect the discharge to be thin, white, and milky in appearance. It may also be odorless or have a mild, slightly sweet smell. It is important to note that every woman’s body is unique, and the amount and appearance of discharge can vary.
Does Pregnancy Cause Vaginal Discharge?
Vaginal discharge is a common symptom that many women experience during pregnancy. It is typically a result of the hormonal changes that occur in the body during this time, causing an increased production of vaginal fluids.
During early pregnancy, many women may notice an increase in the amount of discharge they have. This is often referred to as “early pregnancy discharge” and is considered normal. The discharge may be white or clear in color and may have a mild odor.
One of the main causes of increased vaginal discharge during pregnancy is an increase in estrogen levels. Estrogen is a hormone that plays a key role in pregnancy, and it can lead to an increased production of cervical mucus. This mucus helps to keep the vagina healthy and lubricated, and also serves as a protective barrier against infections.
It is important to note that not all women will experience increased vaginal discharge during pregnancy, and the amount and consistency of discharge can vary from woman to woman. Some women may experience very little discharge, while others may have a noticeable increase. Additionally, the amount of discharge may increase as the pregnancy progresses.
If you are concerned about the amount or appearance of your vaginal discharge during pregnancy, it is always a good idea to consult with your healthcare provider. They can evaluate your symptoms and provide guidance on what is considered normal for you.
Is Vaginal Discharge a Symptom of Early Pregnancy?
Many women experience changes in vaginal discharge as a result of hormonal fluctuations during pregnancy. While an increased amount of discharge is common, it is not always a cause for concern.
In early pregnancy, hormonal changes can cause an increase in vaginal discharge. This discharge, known as leukorrhea, is usually thin, milky white, and odorless. It is a normal and healthy occurrence that helps to prevent infections and keep the vagina clean.
However, it is important to note that not all women will experience an increase in vaginal discharge during early pregnancy. Each woman’s body is unique, and symptoms can vary from person to person. Some women may continue to have their usual amount and consistency of discharge, while others may notice no change at all.
If you are unsure whether your discharge is a result of pregnancy or another cause, it is always best to consult with your healthcare provider. They can assess your symptoms and provide guidance based on your individual situation.
In some cases, vaginal discharge can be a sign of an infection or other medical issue. If you experience abnormal symptoms such as a foul odor, unusual color, itching, or irritation, it is important to speak with your healthcare provider. They can determine the cause of your symptoms and recommend appropriate treatment if needed.
Overall, while increased vaginal discharge can be a symptom of early pregnancy, it is not a definitive indicator. It is important to pay attention to your body and any changes you may experience, but also to consult with a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and guidance.
Do Women Experience Increased Vaginal Discharge during Early Pregnancy?
A common symptom of early pregnancy is an increase in vaginal discharge. This can occur as a result of hormonal changes that take place during pregnancy. While some women may not experience any changes in their discharge, others may notice a significant increase.
What Causes Increased Vaginal Discharge during Early Pregnancy?
The increase in vaginal discharge during early pregnancy is mainly caused by higher levels of estrogen in the body. Estrogen stimulates the production of cervical mucus, which helps to create a favorable environment for sperm to survive and reach the egg for fertilization. Additionally, increased blood flow to the pelvic region during pregnancy can also contribute to an increase in vaginal discharge.
What Does Increased Vaginal Discharge during Early Pregnancy Look Like?
Increased vaginal discharge during early pregnancy can vary in appearance. It may be clear or milky white in color and have a thin, watery consistency. Some women may also experience a slightly thicker discharge that is sticky or gel-like. It is important to note that any changes in vaginal discharge, such as a strong odor or an unusual color, should be discussed with a healthcare provider as they may indicate an infection or other underlying condition.
It is also worth mentioning that increased vaginal discharge during early pregnancy is different from the mucus plug, which is a protective barrier that forms at the opening of the cervix during pregnancy to prevent bacteria from entering the uterus.
What Can Women Expect?
While increased vaginal discharge during early pregnancy may be bothersome, it is generally considered to be a normal symptom. It is important to wear breathable cotton underwear and avoid using harsh soaps or douches, as these can disrupt the natural balance of bacteria in the vagina and potentially lead to infections. Panty liners can be used to manage any excess discharge and provide a sense of comfort and freshness.
If you have any concerns or questions about the changes in your vaginal discharge during early pregnancy, it is recommended to consult with your healthcare provider. They can provide personalized advice and guidance based on your specific situation.
| Key Points: |
|---|
| Increased vaginal discharge is a common symptom of early pregnancy. |
| It is primarily caused by higher levels of estrogen in the body. |
| Increased blood flow to the pelvic region can also contribute to the increase in discharge. |
| Changes in vaginal discharge should be discussed with a healthcare provider if they are accompanied by a strong odor or an unusual color. |
| Wearing breathable cotton underwear and avoiding harsh soaps or douches can help maintain vaginal health during pregnancy. |
What are the Causes of Vaginal Discharge in Early Pregnancy?
Vaginal discharge is a common symptom that many women experience during pregnancy. It is typically caused by the increased levels of hormones in the body as well as changes in the vaginal ph and blood flow.
During early pregnancy, the body undergoes significant hormonal changes. This increase in hormones can cause the glands in the cervix to produce more mucus, resulting in increased vaginal discharge.
One of the main causes of vaginal discharge in early pregnancy is the increase in estrogen and progesterone levels. These hormones are produced by the placenta and help maintain a healthy pregnancy. However, they can also lead to an increase in vaginal discharge.
Additionally, the increased blood flow to the pelvic area during pregnancy can also contribute to vaginal discharge. This increased blood flow can cause the vaginal walls to produce more mucus, resulting in increased discharge.
What does early pregnancy discharge look like?
Early pregnancy discharge can vary in appearance. It is typically thin, milky-white, and odorless. Some women may also experience a slight yellow or light brown tint to their discharge.
Is vaginal discharge a sign of pregnancy?
Yes, vaginal discharge can be a symptom of early pregnancy. However, it is important to note that not all women will experience this symptom, and it is not a definitive sign of pregnancy. If you suspect that you may be pregnant, it is recommended to take a pregnancy test or consult with your healthcare provider.
In conclusion, vaginal discharge is a common symptom that many women experience during early pregnancy. It is typically caused by the increased levels of hormones and changes in the vaginal ph and blood flow. If you have any concerns or questions about your vaginal discharge during pregnancy, it is best to consult with your healthcare provider.
Common Symptoms of Vaginal Discharge in Early Pregnancy
During early pregnancy, many women experience changes in their vaginal discharge. This is a normal result of the hormonal fluctuations that occur during this time. Vaginal discharge is a common symptom of pregnancy and can vary in consistency, color, and odor.
So, what does this discharge look like and what causes it? Increased blood flow to the vaginal area during pregnancy can cause a white or milky discharge. This is completely normal and is often referred to as leukorrhea. It helps keep the vaginal area clean and free from infection.
The amount and consistency of the discharge may vary from woman to woman and can change throughout the pregnancy. Some women may notice an increase in the amount of discharge, while others may have a somewhat thicker consistency. It is important to remember that every woman’s body is different, so there is no one-size-fits-all description of what discharge should look like during pregnancy.
While increased vaginal discharge is usually nothing to be concerned about, there are a few signs that may indicate an infection or other problem. If the discharge has a foul odor, is accompanied by itching or irritation, or has a greenish or yellowish color, it could be a sign of a vaginal infection and should be evaluated by a healthcare provider.
It is important to note that not all vaginal discharge during pregnancy is a cause for concern. It is considered normal as long as there are no other accompanying symptoms or irregularities. However, if you have any concerns or questions about your discharge, it is always best to consult with your healthcare provider for personalized advice and guidance.
| Common Symptoms of Vaginal Discharge in Early Pregnancy: |
|---|
| Increased blood flow to the vaginal area |
| White or milky discharge (leukorrhea) |
| Varying consistency, color, and odor |
| Foul odor, itching, or irritation could indicate an infection |
| Greenish or yellowish discharge could indicate an infection |
| Always consult with your healthcare provider for personalized advice |
When to See a Doctor for Vaginal Discharge during Early Pregnancy?
Experiencing vaginal discharge is a common symptom that many women may experience during early pregnancy. While it is usually a normal and natural part of the pregnancy process, in some cases it may be a cause for concern. If you have any questions or concerns about the type, amount, or consistency of your vaginal discharge during early pregnancy, it is important to consult with your doctor.
While increased vaginal discharge is generally not a cause for alarm during pregnancy, there are certain signs and symptoms that may indicate a need to see a doctor:
1. Unusual Color or Odor
If your vaginal discharge has a strong odor or is a different color than usual, it may be a sign of an infection or other underlying condition. A foul odor or discharge that is gray, green, or yellow in color could indicate an infection such as bacterial vaginosis or a sexually transmitted infection.
2. Itching or Irritation
If you experience itching, redness, or irritation along with your vaginal discharge, it could be a sign of a yeast infection or another type of infection. It is important to seek medical attention to determine the cause and receive appropriate treatment.
Remember, every woman’s body and pregnancy is different, so it is important to trust your instincts and consult with your doctor if you have any concerns about your vaginal discharge during early pregnancy. They can provide guidance, perform necessary tests if needed, and ensure the health and well-being of you and your baby.
How to Manage Vaginal Discharge during Early Pregnancy?
Vaginal discharge is a common symptom experienced by many women during early pregnancy. It can result from a variety of causes and is usually a normal part of the pregnancy process. However, excessive or abnormal discharge can sometimes be a cause for concern.
So, how can you manage vaginal discharge during early pregnancy? Here are a few tips and suggestions:
| 1. Stay Hygienic | Practicing good hygiene is crucial during pregnancy. Make sure to clean your vaginal area gently with mild soap and water. Avoid using scented products or douching, as it can disrupt the natural pH balance and lead to an overgrowth of bacteria. |
| 2. Wear Breathable Underwear | Cotton underwear is highly recommended during pregnancy, as it allows for better air circulation and helps absorb moisture. Avoid wearing tight-fitting or synthetic underwear, as they can trap heat and moisture, creating an ideal environment for bacteria to grow. |
| 3. Use Panty Liners | Using panty liners can help absorb any excess discharge and keep you feeling fresh. Make sure to change them regularly to maintain cleanliness and prevent any irritation. |
| 4. Stay Hydrated | Drinking plenty of water can help maintain overall health and hydration, which can indirectly contribute to healthier vaginal discharge. It can also help flush out any toxins and bacteria in the body. |
| 5. Avoid Sexual Intercourse | If you’re experiencing excessive discharge or have been advised by your healthcare provider, it’s best to avoid sexual intercourse until the cause of the discharge is determined. This can help prevent any potential infections or complications. |
Remember, every woman’s experience with vaginal discharge during early pregnancy is unique. It’s important to consult with your healthcare provider if you have any concerns or if the discharge is accompanied by other symptoms such as itching, burning, or a foul odor.
By following these tips and taking necessary precautions, you can effectively manage vaginal discharge during early pregnancy and ensure a healthy pregnancy journey.
What Color Should Vaginal Discharge be during Early Pregnancy?
Many women experience changes in vaginal discharge during pregnancy. While it’s normal to have some discharge, the color can vary and may be an indication of the body’s changes during this time.
During early pregnancy, it is common to have an increased amount of discharge. This is a result of hormonal changes and increased blood flow to the vaginal area. The discharge may be clear or white in color and have a thin consistency. It is usually odorless or may have a mild, slightly sweet smell.
However, if the discharge is accompanied by itching, burning, or a strong, unpleasant odor, it may be a sign of an infection. Infections such as yeast infections or bacterial vaginosis can occur during pregnancy and may require medical treatment. If you experience any unusual symptoms or are concerned about your discharge, it is important to consult with your healthcare provider.
It is worth noting that every woman’s experience of pregnancy is different, and therefore, the color and consistency of vaginal discharge may vary. Some women may have a decreased amount of discharge, while others may have a more noticeable increase. It is important to pay attention to your own body and seek medical advice if you have any concerns or questions.
What Consistency Should Vaginal Discharge be during Early Pregnancy?
Increased vaginal discharge is a common symptom many women experience during early pregnancy. The hormonal changes that occur during pregnancy can cause an increase in vaginal discharge as a result. But what exactly does this discharge look like, and is it normal?
During early pregnancy, vaginal discharge can vary in consistency and color. It is typically thin, white, and milky in appearance. Some women may also notice a slightly yellow or creamy discharge. These variations are considered normal and are usually nothing to be concerned about.
It is important to note, however, that any changes in the consistency, color, or smell of vaginal discharge should be discussed with a healthcare provider. While some changes may be normal, others may indicate an infection or other issue that requires medical attention.
In addition to changes in consistency, some women may also experience an increase in the amount of vaginal discharge during early pregnancy. This is also considered normal and is due to an increase in blood flow to the pelvic region. The discharge may be more noticeable when a woman is active or when she wakes up in the morning.
If you are unsure whether your vaginal discharge is normal during pregnancy or if you are concerned about any changes you are experiencing, it is always best to consult with your healthcare provider. They can help determine whether any further action or testing is needed.
In summary, vaginal discharge during early pregnancy can vary in consistency and color, but is typically thin, white, and milky. Any changes should be discussed with a healthcare provider to rule out any potential issues.
Does Vaginal Odor Accompany Vaginal Discharge in Early Pregnancy?
Vaginal discharge is a common symptom experienced by women during early pregnancy. It is a result of increased hormonal activity and changes that occur in the cervix. Many women may wonder if vaginal odor accompanies this discharge.
The answer is that vaginal odor can be present in some cases, but it is not a typical symptom of increased discharge during early pregnancy. It is important to note that every woman’s body is different, and some women may experience a change in odor alongside their increased discharge.
The most common cause of vaginal odor during pregnancy is an infection, such as bacterial vaginosis or a yeast infection. These infections can cause an unpleasant smell, along with other symptoms like itching and irritation.
If you are experiencing an unusual odor, it is important to consult your healthcare provider to rule out any infections and receive appropriate treatment if necessary. It is also important to maintain good hygiene practices, such as wearing breathable underwear and avoiding harsh soaps or douches, which can disrupt the natural balance of bacteria in the vagina.
In conclusion, vaginal odor is not a typical symptom of increased vaginal discharge during early pregnancy. However, if you do experience an unusual odor, it is important to consult your healthcare provider for further evaluation and guidance.
Can Vaginal Discharge in Early Pregnancy be a Sign of Infection?
One common symptom that women may experience during early pregnancy is increased vaginal discharge. But does this discharge indicate an infection? Let’s explore the possible causes and signs of infection to better understand the situation.
Causes of Increased Vaginal Discharge During Early Pregnancy
During pregnancy, hormonal changes can lead to an increased production of cervical mucus. This increased discharge is often clear or milky white and is considered normal in most cases. It helps to prevent infections and maintain a healthy vagina.
However, it’s important to note that some situations may cause excessive or abnormal discharge, which could be a sign of an underlying infection. It’s essential to pay attention to the quality, color, and smell of the discharge to determine if there is a cause for concern.
Signs of Infection
If vaginal discharge during early pregnancy has an unusual color, consistency, or smell, it may indicate an infection. Common signs of infection include:
- Odor: Foul or fishy smell
- Color: Yellow, green, or gray discharge
- Consistency: Thick, lumpy, or cottage cheese-like texture
- Itching or Irritation: Vaginal itching, redness, or irritation
- Pain or Discomfort: Painful urination or intercourse, pelvic pain
Experiencing any of these symptoms alongside increased discharge could be a cause for concern, and it is recommended to consult a healthcare provider for evaluation and necessary treatment.
Infections Resulting in Increased Discharge during Early Pregnancy
Several types of infections can cause increased or abnormal vaginal discharge during early pregnancy. Some common infections include:
- Bacterial vaginosis: An overgrowth of harmful bacteria in the vagina
- Yeast infection: Caused by an overgrowth of Candida albicans
- Sexually transmitted infections (STIs): Such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, or trichomoniasis
If an infection is present, it is important to seek medical attention to reduce any potential risks to both the mother and the developing baby.
In conclusion, while increased vaginal discharge is a common symptom of early pregnancy, it does not always indicate an infection. However, if the discharge has an unusual smell, color, or consistency, or if there are other signs of infection, it is essential to consult a healthcare provider for proper evaluation and treatment.
Can Vaginal Discharge in Early Pregnancy Vary in Amount?
During pregnancy, many women experience changes in their vaginal discharge. This can be a normal symptom of pregnancy and is often a result of increased hormone levels.
Does vaginal discharge vary in amount during early pregnancy? The answer is yes. While some women may notice a small increase in their discharge, others may experience a more significant change. The amount of discharge can vary from woman to woman, and there is no standard amount that is considered normal during early pregnancy.
The cause of increased discharge during early pregnancy is believed to be the increased production of estrogen and progesterone. These hormones play a vital role in maintaining a healthy pregnancy and can cause changes in the body, including the production of more vaginal discharge.
So, what should women expect when it comes to vaginal discharge in early pregnancy? It is essential to understand that every woman’s experience may be different. Some women may notice a thin, milky white discharge, while others may have a thicker or more mucus-like discharge. The color and consistency of the discharge can also vary.
It is crucial to keep in mind that changes in vaginal discharge alone are not necessarily a cause for concern. However, if the discharge has a strong odor, causes itching or irritation, or is accompanied by other symptoms such as pain or bleeding, it is recommended to consult a healthcare provider.
In conclusion, vaginal discharge can vary in amount during early pregnancy. It is a common symptom that is the result of increased hormone levels. Every woman’s experience may be different, and it is essential to pay attention to any changes in the discharge and consult a healthcare provider if necessary.
Is Vaginal Discharge in Early Pregnancy Associated with Miscarriage?
Vaginal discharge is a common symptom that many women experience during pregnancy. It is a result of the increased levels of hormones in the body during this time. While it is normal to have an increased amount of discharge during pregnancy, it is important to understand that it does not cause or indicate a miscarriage.
It is common for women to have an increased amount of vaginal discharge during pregnancy due to the hormonal changes. This discharge, known as leukorrhea, is usually thin, milky white, and odorless. It helps to prevent infections and keeps the vaginal area clean. While it may be more noticeable during pregnancy, it is not harmful and should not be a cause for concern.
Miscarriage, on the other hand, is the loss of a pregnancy before the 20th week. It is typically caused by genetic abnormalities or problems with the embryo. Vaginal discharge alone is not a symptom of miscarriage. However, if you experience other symptoms such as heavy bleeding, severe abdominal pain, or cramping, it is important to consult with your healthcare provider as these may be signs of a miscarriage.
It is important for pregnant women to understand that vaginal discharge is a normal part of pregnancy and does not necessarily indicate any problems. However, if you have concerns or questions about your discharge, it is always best to consult with your healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate guidance.
Can Vaginal Discharge in Early Pregnancy be Treated?
Experiencing increased vaginal discharge during early pregnancy is a common symptom that many women may experience. But does this discharge need to be treated? Let’s take a closer look.
Causes of Vaginal Discharge in Early Pregnancy
In the early stages of pregnancy, hormonal changes can cause the body to produce more discharge than usual. This discharge is typically thin, milky white, and odorless. It helps to keep the vagina clean and prevent infections.
Is Treatment Necessary?
In most cases, no treatment is necessary for vaginal discharge during early pregnancy. It is a natural result of hormonal changes and does not usually pose any health risks. However, if the discharge becomes thick, yellow, green, or has a strong odor, it could be a sign of an infection and medical attention should be sought.
What to Expect
Women can expect to have an increased amount of vaginal discharge throughout their pregnancy. This is normal and should not cause concern unless accompanied by other symptoms such as itching, burning, or irritation. It is important to maintain good hygiene and wear breathable underwear to keep the area clean and dry.
It is always recommended to consult with a healthcare provider if you have concerns or questions about vaginal discharge during early pregnancy. They can provide the best advice and guidance based on your individual situation.
What to Expect with Vaginal Discharge in Early Pregnancy?
Vaginal discharge is a common symptom during pregnancy, and its characteristics can vary among women. While some may experience an increased amount of discharge, others may see no noticeable change.
There are several factors that can cause changes in vaginal discharge during early pregnancy. One of the main reasons is the increase in hormone levels, particularly estrogen. This hormone can result in an increased blood flow to the pelvic area, which can lead to an increase in vaginal discharge.
The consistency and color of the discharge may also change during pregnancy. It can range from thin and white to thick and yellowish. It is important to note that any significant changes in color, odor, or consistency should be reported to a healthcare professional as they may indicate an infection.
While increased vaginal discharge is a normal part of early pregnancy for many women, it is always a good idea to consult with a healthcare provider if you have any concerns or questions. They can provide guidance and ensure that your pregnancy is progressing as expected.
How to Maintain Vaginal Hygiene during Early Pregnancy?
During pregnancy, women often experience an increased amount of discharge as a normal symptom of hormonal changes in their bodies. This discharge is typically thin, milky white, and odorless. However, it is important to maintain good vaginal hygiene to prevent any discomfort or infections.
Causes of Increased Discharge during Early Pregnancy
The increased discharge during early pregnancy is caused by higher levels of estrogen and progesterone in the body. These hormones stimulate the production of cervical mucus, which helps keep the vagina healthy and lubricated.
How to Maintain Vaginal Hygiene
Here are some tips to maintain vaginal hygiene during early pregnancy:
- Keep the genital area clean by washing with warm water and a gentle, fragrance-free soap. Avoid using harsh cleansers or douches, as they can disrupt the natural pH balance of the vagina.
- Wear breathable cotton underwear to allow air circulation and prevent moisture buildup. Avoid tight-fitting or synthetic underwear, as they can trap moisture and create a breeding ground for bacteria.
- Avoid using scented feminine hygiene products, such as tampons or pads, as they can cause irritation and disrupt the natural balance of the vagina.
- Change your underwear and sanitary pads frequently to keep the genital area dry and clean. Moisture can lead to the growth of bacteria or yeast infections.
- After using the toilet, always wipe from front to back to prevent the spread of bacteria from the anus to the vagina.
- Avoid wearing wet swimsuits or sitting in damp underwear for long periods, as it can create a moist environment that promotes bacterial growth.
- Practice safe sex and use a condom to prevent sexually transmitted infections, which can cause vaginal discomfort and increase the risk of complications during pregnancy.
If you have any concerns or unusual symptoms, such as itching, burning, or a strong odor, it is always best to consult with your healthcare provider for further evaluation and guidance.
Tips for Dealing with Vaginal Discharge during Early Pregnancy
During early pregnancy, many women experience an increased amount of vaginal discharge. This is a common symptom of pregnancy and is often nothing to be concerned about. However, it can still be uncomfortable and inconvenient. Here are some tips for dealing with vaginal discharge during early pregnancy:
- Keep good hygiene: It is important to maintain good hygiene to prevent any irritation or infection. Make sure to wash the vaginal area gently with warm water and mild soap. Avoid using any scented soaps or products that may disrupt the natural pH balance of the vagina.
- Wear breathable underwear: Opt for cotton underwear that allows proper air circulation. Avoid wearing tight-fitting or synthetic underwear that can trap moisture and create a favorable environment for bacteria to grow.
- Use panty liners: Panty liners can help absorb excess discharge and keep you feeling fresh. Make sure to change them regularly to prevent any odor or discomfort.
- Avoid douching: Douching is not recommended during pregnancy as it can disrupt the natural balance of bacteria in the vagina and increase the risk of infection.
- Stay hydrated: Drinking plenty of water can help maintain a healthy vaginal environment and prevent any dryness or irritation.
- Wear loose-fitting clothing: Tight clothing can trap moisture and heat, leading to increased vaginal discharge. Opt for loose-fitting clothing that allows proper airflow.
- Monitor the color and odor: While increased discharge is normal during early pregnancy, any changes in color or odor should be reported to your healthcare provider. Unusual discharge may be a sign of infection or other medical conditions.
- Stay comfortable: If vaginal discharge is causing discomfort or irritation, try using a cold compress or soothing creams that are safe for use during pregnancy.
Remember, every woman’s experience of vaginal discharge during early pregnancy may vary. It is always recommended to consult with your healthcare provider if you have any concerns or questions about your pregnancy.