Categories
Blog

Managing Calorie Intake for Optimal Nutrition in the Third Trimester of Pregnancy

Dietary consumption plays a crucial role during pregnancy, especially during the last trimester. As the final stage of pregnancy approaches, the body’s caloric needs increase to support the growth and development of the growing fetus. This is why monitoring caloric intake is of utmost importance for expectant mothers.

During the third trimester, the caloric intake should be adjusted to meet the changing needs of both the mother and the baby. It is recommended that women increase their daily caloric intake by around 300 to 500 calories during this period. This additional intake is necessary to ensure that the mother receives enough energy to support the fetus’s development and provide the nutrients required for a healthy pregnancy.

However, it is important to note that the exact caloric needs may vary depending on factors such as the mother’s pre-pregnancy weight, activity level, and overall health. Consulting with a healthcare professional is essential in determining the appropriate caloric intake during the third trimester.

In addition to monitoring caloric intake, pregnant women should focus on consuming nutrient-dense foods that provide essential vitamins, minerals, and macronutrients. These include fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats. It is also advisable to stay hydrated by drinking an adequate amount of water throughout the day to support overall health and well-being.

Importance of Caloric Intake

In the final trimester of pregnancy, the caloric consumption plays a crucial role in ensuring the proper development and growth of the unborn baby. During this last and most crucial stage of pregnancy, the intake of calories becomes even more important than before. The growing baby puts a significant demand on the mother’s body, requiring additional energy and nutrients to support its development.

Caloric intake during the third trimester should be carefully monitored to ensure that the mother and her baby receive the necessary nutrition. The calories consumed should not only be sufficient in quantity but also high in quality, providing essential nutrients such as protein, vitamins, and minerals to support the baby’s growth. Adequate caloric intake during this period can contribute to optimal fetal growth, reduce the risk of complications, and promote a healthy pregnancy.

It is important to note that the caloric intake during the third trimester should be adjusted based on the individual needs and requirements of the mother and her baby. Consulting with a healthcare provider or a registered dietitian can help determine the appropriate caloric intake for a pregnant woman. Additionally, maintaining a balanced diet and incorporating nutrient-dense foods is essential for meeting the increased energy needs during this period.

In conclusion, the caloric intake during the last trimester of pregnancy is of utmost importance for the well-being and development of the baby. It is essential for expectant mothers to prioritize their nutrition and ensure a proper intake of calories to support the growth and health of their unborn child.

Nutritional Needs in the Third Trimester

The third trimester is the final stage of pregnancy, and it is a crucial period for both the mother and the developing baby. During this time, the nutritional needs of the mother increase to support the growth and development of the fetus.

Caloric Intake

Caloric consumption should be carefully monitored during the third trimester. The energy needs of the mother are higher than in previous trimesters due to the rapid growth of the fetus. It is recommended that women increase their calorie intake by approximately 300-500 calories per day to support the needs of both themselves and their baby.

Last trimester is the time when the baby gains the most weight, so it is important to ensure an adequate calorie intake. However, it is also essential to focus on the quality of the calories consumed. Opt for nutrient-dense foods that provide the necessary vitamins, minerals, and macronutrients for both mother and baby.

Macronutrients

During the final trimester, the intake of macronutrients, such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, should be well-balanced to support the overall health and development of the baby. Carbohydrates provide the energy needed for daily activities and fetal growth. Protein is essential for the growth and repair of cells, while fats are necessary for brain development and the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.

A well-rounded diet that includes whole grains, lean proteins, healthy fats, and a variety of fruits and vegetables is recommended during the third trimester. These food sources provide a range of essential nutrients to support the mother’s health and optimize fetal development.

It is also important to stay hydrated during the third trimester. Drinking an adequate amount of water helps support the function of vital organs, aids in digestion, and prevents dehydration. Pregnant women should aim to drink at least 8-10 glasses of water per day.

Taking care of one’s nutritional needs during the third trimester is crucial for the well-being of both the mother and the baby. Following a well-balanced and nutrient-dense diet and staying adequately hydrated can help ensure a healthy pregnancy and promote optimal fetal development.

Recommended Daily Calorie Intake

During the third trimester of pregnancy, it is important for women to increase their calorie intake to support the growth and development of the baby. The energy requirements during this time are higher compared to the earlier stages of pregnancy.

Experts recommend that women consume an additional 300-500 calories per day during the third trimester. This increase in caloric consumption is necessary to provide the baby with the nutrients and energy needed for optimal growth.

It is important to note that the exact caloric intake may vary depending on factors such as the woman’s pre-pregnancy weight, activity level, and overall health. Consulting with a healthcare provider can help determine the appropriate calorie intake for an individual during this stage of pregnancy.

To meet the increased calorie needs during the third trimester, it is advised to focus on nutrient-dense foods that provide essential vitamins, minerals, and protein. This includes consuming a variety of fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, whole grains, and healthy fats.

Additionally, it is important to listen to the body’s hunger and fullness cues and eat when hungry. Snacking on healthy options such as nuts, yogurt, or a piece of fruit can help provide extra calories and nutrients throughout the day.

Overall, ensuring an adequate calorie intake during the final trimester of pregnancy is essential for both the mother and the baby’s health. By consuming the recommended amount of calories and focusing on nutrient-dense foods, women can support the growth and development of their baby while maintaining their own health.

Factors Affecting Caloric Requirement

During the final trimester of pregnancy, the caloric intake becomes increasingly important as the energy needs of both the mother and the developing fetus increase. Several factors can affect the caloric requirements during this time.

1. Changes in Metabolism

As the pregnancy progresses into the third trimester, the mother’s metabolism undergoes changes to support the growth and development of the fetus. Basal metabolic rate increases due to the higher energy needs of the body. This increased metabolism affects the total calorie intake required during this stage.

2. Weight Gain

The mother’s weight gain during pregnancy is an essential aspect to consider when determining caloric requirements. A higher weight gain indicates a higher energy requirement. It is important to monitor weight gain during the third trimester to ensure a healthy balance and to adjust calorie intake accordingly.

3. Physical Activity

The level of physical activity during the last trimester can impact caloric needs. While pregnant women are generally advised to engage in moderate exercise, excessive physical activity can increase energy requirements. The type and duration of physical activity should be considered when calculating calorie intake.

4. Fetal Development

The growth and development of the fetus play a significant role in determining the caloric requirement during the third trimester. As the fetus grows, its energy needs increase, resulting in a higher calorie intake for the mother. The specific stage of the fetal development can affect the overall calorie consumption.

Considering these factors is crucial in determining the appropriate calorie intake during the last trimester of pregnancy. As each woman’s circumstances and requirements can vary, it is essential to consult with a healthcare provider to ensure a healthy and balanced diet during this crucial stage.

Adjusting Caloric Intake for Weight Gain

During the third trimester of pregnancy, a woman’s energy needs increase to support the final stages of fetal growth and development. Caloric intake should be adjusted to ensure adequate nutrition for both the mother and the baby.

The exact number of extra calories needed during this time can vary depending on individual factors such as pre-pregnancy weight, activity level, and overall health. However, on average, women are advised to consume an additional 300-500 calories per day during the third trimester.

It is important to note that these extra calories should come from nutritious sources. Focus on nutrient-dense foods that provide essential vitamins, minerals, and macronutrients. Incorporate plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats into your daily diet.

Monitoring weight gain during the third trimester is also crucial. While it is normal for women to gain weight during pregnancy, excessive weight gain can lead to various complications. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends that women who started pregnancy at a normal weight gain approximately 25-35 pounds by the end of the third trimester.

If weight gain is excessive or inadequate, adjustments to caloric intake may be needed. Consulting with a healthcare provider or a registered dietitian can help determine the appropriate calorie consumption for an individual’s specific needs.

In conclusion, adjusting caloric intake during the third trimester of pregnancy is important for supporting maternal and fetal health. Aim for an additional 300-500 calories per day from nutrient-dense sources and monitor weight gain to ensure it is within a healthy range.

Essential Nutrients for the Third Trimester

During the final trimester of pregnancy, it is important to ensure that you are consuming enough essential nutrients. These nutrients not only provide the necessary energy for your body and growing baby, but also support the development of your baby’s organs and tissues.

One of the key nutrients to focus on during this time is calories. Your caloric intake should increase to support the increased energy needs of your body and the growth of your baby. It is recommended to consume an extra 300-500 calories per day during the third trimester.

In addition to calories, a balanced intake of other nutrients is also important. Protein is essential for the growth and development of your baby’s tissues, so make sure to include sources of lean protein in your diet, such as lean meats, eggs, and legumes.

Folate and iron are two other essential nutrients to pay attention to. Folate helps prevent neural tube defects and is found in foods like leafy greens, citrus fruits, and fortified cereals. Iron is necessary for the production of red blood cells and can be obtained from sources like lean meats, poultry, and beans.

Omega-3 fatty acids are also important during the third trimester as they contribute to brain development. Include sources of omega-3s in your diet, such as fatty fish like salmon, walnuts, and chia seeds.

Lastly, don’t forget about hydration. It is important to drink plenty of water during the third trimester to stay hydrated and support the functioning of your body.

Overall, ensuring you have a balanced and nutrient-rich diet during the third trimester is crucial for both your own health and the development of your baby. Consult with your healthcare provider to determine the specific caloric intake and nutrient needs that are appropriate for you.

Healthy Food Choices for Adequate Calories

Consuming adequate calories during the final trimester of pregnancy is important for both the mother and the developing fetus. This is the period when rapid growth and development occur, requiring a higher caloric intake to support the increased metabolic demands.

Focus on Nutrient-Dense Foods

To ensure a healthy calorie intake, it is crucial to choose nutrient-dense foods that provide a balance of essential nutrients. These include:

  • Fruits and vegetables: Rich in vitamins, minerals, and fiber, these should make up a significant portion of the diet.
  • Lean protein sources: Such as poultry, fish, beans, and tofu, which provide important amino acids for growth and repair.
  • Whole grains: Such as brown rice, quinoa, and whole wheat bread, which are high in fiber and B vitamins.
  • Dairy products: Such as milk, yogurt, and cheese, which are important sources of calcium and vitamin D.
  • Healthy fats: Such as avocados, nuts, and olive oil, which provide essential fatty acids.

Avoid Empty Calories

While it is important to meet the increased caloric needs during the third trimester, it is equally important to avoid empty calories. These are calories that provide little to no nutritional value. Examples of foods to limit include:

  • Sugar-sweetened beverages: Such as soda, fruit juices, and energy drinks, which are high in added sugars.
  • Processed foods: Such as sugary snacks, chips, and fast food, which are often high in unhealthy fats and added sugars.
  • Refined grains: Such as white bread, white rice, and pastries, which lack the nutrient content found in whole grains.

By making healthy food choices and focusing on nutrient-dense options, pregnant women can ensure they are meeting their caloric needs while also providing essential nutrients for the growth and development of their baby.

Balanced Diet for Optimal Caloric Intake

During the last trimester of pregnancy, it is important for expectant mothers to ensure a balanced diet that provides the optimal caloric intake. This is crucial as the energy consumption during this period increases to support the growth and development of the baby.

Caloric intake during the third trimester should consist of a variety of nutrient-dense foods that provide essential vitamins, minerals, and macronutrients. It is recommended to consume a mix of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and dairy products.

Fruits and vegetables are packed with vitamins, minerals, and fiber, which are essential for the overall health of both the mother and the baby. They also provide antioxidants that help protect against cell damage. Including a variety of colorful fruits and vegetables in the diet ensures a wide range of nutrients.

Whole grains such as oats, brown rice, and whole wheat bread provide complex carbohydrates that release energy slowly, helping to maintain stable blood sugar levels. They are also a good source of fiber, which aids digestion.

Lean proteins, such as poultry, fish, beans, and tofu, are essential for fetal growth and development. They provide amino acids that are the building blocks of cells and tissues.

Dairy products like milk, yogurt, and cheese are rich in calcium, which is crucial for the development of the baby’s bones and teeth. They also provide protein and other essential nutrients.

In addition to consuming these food groups, it is important to stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water. Avoiding sugary drinks and limiting caffeine intake is also recommended.

Overall, a balanced diet during the third trimester of pregnancy ensures optimal caloric intake and provides the necessary nutrients for the proper growth and development of the baby. Consulting with a healthcare provider or a registered dietitian can help create an individualized meal plan that meets specific nutritional needs.

The Role of Protein in Caloric Intake

During the final trimester of pregnancy, the caloric intake becomes crucial for the growth and development of the fetus. Protein plays a vital role in the overall caloric consumption during this period.

Protein is an essential nutrient that is responsible for building and repairing tissues in the body. During pregnancy, the body requires additional protein to support the growth of the fetus and the development of the placenta.

The Importance of Protein Consumption

Protein is a macronutrient that provides energy to the body. It is particularly important during the third trimester when the baby undergoes rapid growth. Adequate protein intake supports the development of the baby’s organs, muscles, and tissues.

Protein also plays a role in maintaining the mother’s health during pregnancy. It helps in the production of essential hormones, enzymes, and antibodies that are necessary for the overall well-being of both the mother and the baby.

Recommended Protein Intake

The recommended protein intake during the third trimester of pregnancy is about 75-100 grams per day. This amount of protein can be obtained from various sources such as lean meats, poultry, fish, eggs, dairy products, nuts, and legumes.

It is essential to choose high-quality protein sources that are low in saturated fats and cholesterol. This will ensure that the mother and the baby are receiving the necessary nutrients without any adverse effects on their health.

In conclusion, protein plays a crucial role in the caloric intake during the final trimester of pregnancy. Adequate protein consumption supports the growth and development of the fetus, as well as the overall health of the mother. It is important for pregnant women to ensure they are getting enough protein from a variety of sources to meet their nutritional needs!

Incorporating Healthy Fats in the Diet

During the final trimester of pregnancy, caloric intake becomes a crucial factor in ensuring the optimal health of both the mother and the baby. The energy needs of the body increase significantly during this last stage of pregnancy, making it essential to consume adequate calories for proper development and growth.

One important component of a balanced diet during the third trimester is the incorporation of healthy fats. While it is true that excessive calorie intake can lead to undesirable weight gain for the mother, it is equally important to ensure that the calories consumed are of high nutritional value. Healthy fats, such as monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats, play a key role in providing the necessary nutrients and energy for the body.

Why are healthy fats important?

Healthy fats are important for several reasons. Firstly, they provide a concentrated source of energy, as fats contain more than twice the calories per gram compared to carbohydrates and proteins. This makes them a valuable source of sustained energy, particularly during the physically demanding period of pregnancy.

Secondly, healthy fats are essential for the proper development of the baby’s brain and nervous system. Omega-3 fatty acids, found in foods like fatty fish, walnuts, and flaxseeds, are particularly important for brain development. They can also help reduce the risk of preterm birth and low birth weight.

Lastly, incorporating healthy fats in the diet can help the body absorb certain fat-soluble vitamins, such as vitamins A, D, E, and K. These vitamins are important for various functions in the body, including immune function, bone health, and vision.

How to incorporate healthy fats in the diet

There are several ways to incorporate healthy fats into your diet during the third trimester of pregnancy. One simple method is to replace saturated fats, found in foods like red meat and butter, with healthier alternatives like avocados, olive oil, and nuts. These foods not only provide healthy fats but also offer additional nutrients, such as fiber and vitamins.

Another way to boost your healthy fat intake is by consuming fatty fish, such as salmon, mackerel, and trout. These fish are rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which are crucial for brain development. However, it is important to choose fish with low mercury content and to limit consumption to 2-3 servings per week.

Additionally, incorporating foods like chia seeds, flaxseeds, and hemp seeds into your diet can be an excellent way to increase your intake of healthy fats. These seeds are packed with omega-3 fatty acids and can easily be added to smoothies, yogurt, or baked goods.

In conclusion, proper caloric intake during the final trimester of pregnancy is essential for the health and well-being of both the mother and the baby. By incorporating healthy fats into the diet, pregnant women can ensure they are obtaining the necessary nutrients and energy for optimal development and growth. Consult with a healthcare professional or registered dietitian for personalized dietary recommendations based on individual needs and circumstances.

The Importance of Carbohydrates in Energy Consumption

During the last trimester of pregnancy, the energy needs of a woman increase significantly. This is because the growing fetus requires more calories to support its development. Carbohydrates play a crucial role in providing the necessary energy for both the mother and the baby.

Carbohydrates are the body’s primary source of energy. They are broken down into glucose, which is used by the cells as fuel. During pregnancy, the body needs more glucose to meet the increased energy demands. This is especially important during the third trimester when the baby is growing rapidly.

The caloric intake during the third trimester should include a sufficient amount of carbohydrates to ensure proper energy consumption. It is recommended that pregnant women consume around 300 extra calories per day during this stage of pregnancy. These additional calories should come from nutrient-dense sources of carbohydrates, such as whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and legumes.

Carbohydrates also provide essential nutrients, such as fiber, vitamins, and minerals. Fiber helps regulate digestion and prevents constipation, which is a common problem during pregnancy. Vitamins and minerals are necessary for the development of the baby’s organs and tissues.

It is important for pregnant women to focus on consuming complex carbohydrates, which are found in whole grains and starchy vegetables. These types of carbohydrates are digested more slowly, providing a steady release of glucose and preventing blood sugar spikes.

In conclusion, carbohydrates play a crucial role in energy consumption during the third trimester of pregnancy. They provide the necessary fuel for both the mother and the growing baby. Pregnant women should focus on consuming nutrient-dense sources of carbohydrates to ensure optimal energy intake.

Vitamins and Minerals for Nutritional Balance

During the final trimester of pregnancy, it is crucial for expecting mothers to maintain a balanced and nutritious diet to support the growth and development of their baby. Vitamins and minerals play a significant role in achieving this nutritional balance.

1. Vitamin D

Vitamin D is essential for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus, which are key for the development of strong bones and teeth in both the mother and the baby. It is recommended to consume foods rich in vitamin D, such as fortified milk, salmon, and egg yolks.

2. Iron

Iron is vital during pregnancy to support the increased blood volume in the mother and prevent anemia. Consuming iron-rich foods, like lean meats, beans, and dark leafy greens, can help meet the recommended daily intake of iron. Pairing these foods with vitamin C-rich sources, such as citrus fruits or tomatoes, can enhance iron absorption.

3. Calcium

Calcium is necessary for the development of the baby’s bones and teeth. It is also essential for the mother’s own bone health. Dairy products, like milk, yogurt, and cheese, are excellent sources of calcium. Leafy greens, tofu, and fortified plant-based milk alternatives are suitable options for those who avoid dairy.

In addition to these specific vitamins and minerals, maintaining a well-rounded diet that includes a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins is essential for overall nutritional balance during the last trimester. Adequate caloric intake is also crucial to provide the energy needed for the mother and baby during this period of rapid growth and development.

It is always recommended to consult with a healthcare provider or registered dietitian for personalized advice on achieving optimal nutritional balance during the third trimester of pregnancy.

Hydration and Caloric Intake

During the final trimester of pregnancy, maintaining proper hydration is crucial for both the mother and the developing baby. Adequate hydration helps to support the body’s natural processes and ensures that the baby receives the necessary nutrients for healthy development.

Caloric intake also plays a significant role during this stage of pregnancy. As the baby grows and develops rapidly, the mother’s energy needs increase. The last trimester is a critical period for the baby’s growth, and it is important to consume enough calories to support this growth.

Hydration Guidelines

It is recommended that pregnant women consume at least 8 cups (64 ounces) of fluid per day. This includes water, as well as other hydrating beverages such as herbal tea, fruit-infused water, and low-sugar juices. Staying hydrated can help prevent common pregnancy symptoms such as constipation, swelling, and overheating.

It is also important to note that the need for hydration may increase during hot weather or physical activity. Pregnant women should listen to their bodies and drink additional fluids as needed. However, it is essential to avoid excessive fluid intake, as this can lead to water retention and other complications.

Caloric Intake Recommendations

During the last trimester, the recommended caloric intake typically increases by around 300-500 calories per day. This additional energy is necessary to support the baby’s growth and development, as well as maintain the mother’s overall health and well-being.

However, it is crucial to focus on consuming nutrient-dense foods rather than simply increasing calorie consumption. This ensures that both the mother and the baby receive the necessary vitamins, minerals, and macronutrients for optimal health.

Food Group Servings per Day
Grains 6-8
Protein 3-4
Fruits 2-3
Vegetables 3-4
Dairy 3-4
Fats and Oils 2-3

Pregnant women should also pay attention to their individual caloric needs, as they can vary depending on factors such as pre-pregnancy weight, activity level, and overall health. Consulting with a healthcare provider or a registered dietitian can provide personalized recommendations for caloric intake during the third trimester of pregnancy.

Snacking Options for Additional Calories

During the last trimester of pregnancy, it is important for expectant mothers to increase their caloric intake to support the growth and development of the baby. Snacking can be a great way to add extra calories into your diet, as it allows for additional energy consumption throughout the day.

Food Option Calories
Fruit and Nut Butter 200-300
Trail Mix 150-200
Yogurt with Granola 250-300
Avocado Toast 200-250
Cheese and Crackers 150-200
Hard-Boiled Eggs 70-90

These are just a few snacking options that can help boost your caloric intake during the third trimester. Remember to choose foods that are nutritious and provide a balance of macronutrients. It is also important to listen to your body’s hunger cues and eat when you are hungry.

Calorie Intake and Fetal Development

The final trimester of pregnancy is an essential time period in the overall development of your baby. During the third trimester, calorie intake plays a crucial role in ensuring optimal growth and development.

Energy consumption needs tend to increase during this last stage of pregnancy. The growing baby requires a greater supply of nutrients and energy to support its rapid development. Therefore, it is important to maintain an adequate calorie intake to meet these increased demands.

During the final trimester, your baby undergoes important physiological changes and gains considerable weight. The fetal brain, lungs, and other organs continue to mature, requiring additional energy and nutrients from your calorie intake.

Proper nutrition during the last trimester can have long-lasting effects on your baby’s health. Inadequate calorie intake can lead to low birth weight, which is associated with an increased risk of health issues in the future.

It is essential to consume a well-balanced diet that includes a variety of foods from all food groups in order to meet the increased energy needs during the third trimester. Focus on nutrient-dense foods, such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats.

Monitoring your calorie intake during the final trimester is important, but it’s equally crucial to listen to your body’s cues and eat when you are hungry. Make sure to eat small, frequent meals throughout the day to maintain a steady supply of energy for both you and your baby.

In conclusion, calorie intake is a vital aspect of fetal development during the third trimester. By ensuring adequate energy consumption and consuming a balanced diet, you can support your baby’s growth and give them the best possible start in life.

Tracking Caloric Intake for a Healthy Pregnancy

During the final trimester of pregnancy, it is important for expectant mothers to carefully track their calorie intake to ensure a healthy and balanced diet. The energy requirements during this stage increase as the baby continues to grow and develop.

The Importance of Calorie Intake

Consuming an adequate amount of calories during the third trimester is crucial for both the mother and the baby. Adequate calorie intake ensures that the mother has enough energy to support the growth of the baby and to maintain her own health. It also helps in the production of breast milk, which will be essential for feeding the newborn.

Calculating Caloric Needs

Calculating the exact number of calories needed during the third trimester can be challenging as each woman’s needs may vary. Generally, an additional 300-500 calories per day are recommended during this period. However, it is best to consult with a healthcare provider to determine the appropriate calorie intake based on individual factors such as pre-pregnancy weight, activity level, and overall health.

It is important to note that these additional calories should come from nutrient-dense foods rather than empty calories. Opt for foods rich in vitamins, minerals, and proteins to ensure optimal nutrition for both the mother and the baby.

Tracking Caloric Consumption

Tracking calorie intake during the third trimester can be done in several ways. Many smartphone apps and online tools are available that make it easy to input food choices and automatically calculate the calorie content. These tools also provide insights into the nutritional value of each meal, helping pregnant women make informed choices about their diet.

  • Keep a food diary: Recording every meal and snack in a journal can help track calorie intake. This can be done manually or by using a smartphone app.
  • Read food labels: Pay attention to serving sizes and calorie information on food labels. This can help make more informed decisions when grocery shopping.
  • Consult a nutritionist: A nutritionist can provide personalized guidance on calorie intake and help create a meal plan that meets individual needs.

By tracking calorie intake, expectant mothers can ensure that they are providing their bodies with the necessary energy and nutrients for a healthy pregnancy. Remember to consult with a healthcare provider for personalized advice and guidance throughout the trimester.