During pregnancy, it is essential for expecting mothers to pay extra attention to their nutrition. Supplements can play a crucial role in ensuring that both the mother and baby receive all the necessary nutrients. One such vital supplement is vitamin D.
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps in the absorption of calcium and phosphorus, crucial for the development of bones and teeth. It also supports the functioning of the immune system and promotes healthy cell growth.
For pregnant women, getting enough vitamin D is especially important as it contributes to the healthy growth and development of the baby. Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy can lead to an increased risk of complications such as preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and low birth weight.
While the body can produce vitamin D through exposure to sunlight, many pregnant women struggle to meet their daily requirements. This is mainly due to factors like limited sunlight exposure, wearing sunscreen, and darker skin pigmentation, which reduces the synthesis of vitamin D in the body.
The Role of Vitamin D in Pregnancy
During pregnancy, it is essential to maintain proper nutrition and take prenatal vitamins to support the health of both the mother and the growing baby. One crucial vitamin that should not be overlooked is vitamin D.
Vitamin D plays a vital role in various aspects of pregnancy, from fertility to fetal development. It helps support the immune system, regulates blood pressure, and promotes the absorption of calcium, which is crucial for the baby’s bone development.
Research has shown that pregnant women with low levels of vitamin D are at a higher risk of complications, such as preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and preterm birth. Additionally, vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy has been associated with an increased risk of the baby developing certain conditions, including asthma, allergies, and even a weakened immune system.
Supplementing with vitamin D during pregnancy can help address these risks and ensure both the mother and baby receive adequate levels of this essential nutrient. Prenatal vitamins typically contain vitamin D, but it is essential to discuss the appropriate dosage with a healthcare provider.
In addition to taking prenatal supplements, pregnant women can also increase their vitamin D levels through sunlight exposure. Spending a few minutes outdoors in the early morning or late afternoon can help the body naturally produce vitamin D. However, it is essential to practice sun safety and avoid prolonged exposure without protective measures.
Overall, vitamin D plays a crucial role in pregnancy by supporting the mother’s health and the baby’s development. Incorporating adequate vitamin D intake through prenatal vitamins and other sources can help reduce the risk of complications and promote a healthy pregnancy.
Vitamin D Deficiency during Pregnancy
Pregnancy is a time when the body has increased nutritional needs, and taking prenatal vitamins is important to ensure that both the mother and baby are getting the necessary nutrients. One vital nutrient that expectant mothers should pay particular attention to is vitamin D.
Vitamin D plays a crucial role in the development of the baby’s bones and teeth. It helps the body absorb calcium and phosphorus from the diet, which are essential for the baby’s bone growth. Additionally, vitamin D is important for the mother’s immune system and overall health.
The Importance of Vitamin D during Pregnancy
During pregnancy, the demands for vitamin D increase due to the growing needs of the baby. However, many pregnant women are deficient in this vitamin.
A study published in the Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada found that over 50% of pregnant women had insufficient levels of vitamin D. This deficiency can have serious consequences for both the mother and baby.
Effects of Vitamin D Deficiency during Pregnancy
Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy has been linked to an increased risk of gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and preterm birth. It can also lead to weakened bones in both the mother and baby.
Furthermore, inadequate levels of vitamin D can negatively affect the baby’s immune system, potentially increasing the risk of respiratory infections and allergies during infancy.
Sources of Vitamin D
The primary source of vitamin D is sunlight. However, during pregnancy, it is important to balance sun exposure with the risk of skin damage and melanoma. Therefore, it is recommended to take vitamin D supplements alongside maintaining a healthy lifestyle and diet.
| Food Sources | Micrograms (mcg) |
|---|---|
| Fatty fish (such as salmon, mackerel, and sardines) | 6-25mcg per serving |
| Egg yolks | 1-2 mcg per egg |
| Mushrooms | 2-4 mcg per serving |
Talk to your healthcare provider about the appropriate vitamin D supplement dosage for your specific needs during pregnancy.
Risks of Vitamin D Deficiency for Expecting Mothers
Vitamin D plays a crucial role in supporting the overall health of pregnant women. A deficiency in this essential vitamin can have significant risks for both the mother and the baby.
Pregnant women with low levels of vitamin D are at a higher risk of developing complications such as gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and bacterial vaginosis. These conditions can have serious consequences for the health and well-being of both the mother and the developing fetus.
Vitamin D is essential for the absorption of calcium, which is crucial for the proper development of the baby’s bones and teeth. A deficiency in vitamin D can lead to weakened bones and an increased risk of fractures. It may also impair the baby’s growth and development, affecting their overall health.
Furthermore, vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy has been linked to an increased risk of respiratory infections in newborns. These infections can cause severe respiratory distress and can even lead to hospitalization.
It is important for expecting mothers to ensure they are getting enough vitamin D through proper nutrition and supplementation. Prenatal vitamins and supplements are commonly recommended to meet the increased nutritional needs during pregnancy. However, it’s essential to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the appropriate dosage and ensure the safety and effectiveness of any supplements taken during pregnancy.
In conclusion, vitamin D deficiency poses significant risks for expecting mothers and their babies. Ensuring an adequate intake of vitamin D through proper nutrition and supplementation is crucial for a healthy pregnancy and the optimal development of the baby.
The Impact of Vitamin D on Fetal Development
Prenatal supplements, including vitamin D, play a crucial role in supporting the healthy growth and development of a growing fetus. Vitamin D is an essential nutrient that aids in the absorption of calcium and phosphorus, which are vital for the formation of strong bones and teeth.
During pregnancy, the demand for calcium increases significantly to support the growth of the developing baby. Without sufficient vitamin D, the body may struggle to absorb and utilize the calcium from the mother’s diet, potentially leading to deficiencies in both the mother and the baby.
Research has shown that vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of complications, such as gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia, and low birth weight. Inadequate levels of vitamin D have also been linked to developmental issues in babies, including delayed motor skills and cognitive impairments.
Furthermore, vitamin D plays a vital role in immune system function, which is especially important during pregnancy when the immune system naturally undergoes changes to protect the developing fetus. Adequate vitamin D levels are essential for the proper functioning of immune cells and the prevention of infections.
It is recommended that pregnant women take prenatal supplements containing vitamin D to ensure they are meeting their nutritional needs. However, it is important to consult with a healthcare provider to determine the appropriate dosage, as excessive amounts of vitamin D can be harmful.
In conclusion, vitamin D is a critical nutrient for fetal development during pregnancy. Adequate levels of vitamin D support the formation of strong bones and teeth, reduce the risk of complications, promote healthy immune system functioning, and contribute to overall optimal development. Pregnant women should prioritize maintaining sufficient vitamin D levels through prenatal supplements and regular sun exposure.
Sources of Vitamin D during Pregnancy
During pregnancy, it is important for expecting mothers to ensure they are getting enough vitamin D. This nutrient plays a crucial role in the development of the baby’s bones, teeth, and overall health. While sunlight is a natural source of vitamin D, there are also other ways to obtain this essential nutrient.
Food Sources
Some food sources naturally contain vitamin D and can be incorporated into a pregnant woman’s diet. Fatty fish such as salmon, mackerel, and tuna are excellent sources of vitamin D. Additionally, fortified foods such as milk, yogurt, and cereal can also provide vitamin D. Including these foods in the diet can help pregnant women meet their daily vitamin D requirements.
Vitamin D Supplements
In some cases, it may be difficult for pregnant women to get enough vitamin D from food alone. In these situations, doctors may recommend vitamin D supplements. These supplements come in various forms, such as tablets, capsules, and liquid drops. It is important to consult with a healthcare provider before taking any supplements to ensure the appropriate dosage.
It is important for pregnant women to prioritize their health and the health of their baby by getting enough vitamin D. Whether through sunlight, food sources, or supplements, ensuring adequate intake of vitamin D is crucial for a healthy pregnancy.
Recommended Daily Intake of Vitamin D for Pregnant Women
During pregnancy, it is important for expecting mothers to be mindful of their nutritional needs. One essential vitamin that plays a crucial role in a healthy pregnancy is vitamin D. Prenatal vitamins and supplements can help ensure that pregnant women meet their daily recommended intake of this vital nutrient.
Why is Vitamin D important during pregnancy?
Vitamin D is crucial for the development of a healthy baby. It helps the body absorb calcium, which is necessary for the growth and development of the baby’s bones and teeth. Additionally, vitamin D also supports the immune system and helps regulate blood sugar levels.
What is the recommended daily intake of Vitamin D?
The recommended daily intake of vitamin D for pregnant women is 600-800 international units (IU) per day. This amount can be easily obtained through a combination of sunlight exposure and dietary sources.
However, it is important to note that getting enough sunlight alone may not be sufficient for meeting the recommended intake. Factors such as geographical location, weather conditions, and skin pigmentation can affect the body’s ability to produce vitamin D from sunlight. Therefore, pregnant women are strongly advised to consult with their healthcare provider to determine the appropriate vitamin D supplementation regimen.
In addition to sunlight exposure, food sources of vitamin D include fatty fish like salmon and mackerel, fortified dairy products, and egg yolks. Including these foods in a balanced diet can help expecting mothers meet their daily vitamin D requirements.
In conclusion, getting an adequate amount of vitamin D is crucial for the health of both the mother and the baby during pregnancy. Prenatal vitamins and supplements, along with a nutritious diet, can help pregnant women ensure that they meet the recommended daily intake of this essential vitamin.
The Benefits of Vitamin D Supplements during Pregnancy
Pregnancy is a crucial time for the health and well-being of both the mother and the baby. Ensuring adequate nutrition during this period is essential, and one important aspect is the intake of prenatal supplements.
One vital supplement for pregnant women is vitamin D. This nutrient plays a crucial role in the development and growth of the baby, as well as in maintaining the overall health of the mother.
Vitamin D is known as the “sunshine vitamin” because our bodies produce it when exposed to sunlight. However, many factors, such as the use of sunscreen or limited sunlight exposure, can limit the body’s ability to produce adequate amounts of this vitamin.
During pregnancy, the demand for vitamin D increases to ensure optimal bone development of the baby. Vitamin D helps in the absorption and regulation of calcium and phosphorus, both critical for healthy bone formation.
The benefits of vitamin D supplements during pregnancy include:
1. Enhanced fetal skeletal development: Vitamin D helps in the proper formation and growth of the baby’s bones, laying a foundation for a healthy skeletal system.
2. Reduced risk of pregnancy complications: Studies have shown that vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy may be associated with an increased risk of gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and low birth weight. Supplementing with vitamin D can help reduce the risk of these complications.
3. Improved maternal bone health: Pregnancy can put additional strain on the mother’s bones, and adequate vitamin D levels help maintain bone density and strength. This is especially important as the mother’s calcium needs increase during pregnancy.
It’s important for expecting mothers to consult with their healthcare providers to determine the appropriate dosage and duration of vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy.
In conclusion, vitamin D supplements play a crucial role in supporting the health and development of both the mother and the baby during pregnancy. Ensuring adequate intake through supplements can help promote proper skeletal development, reduce the risk of pregnancy complications, and support maternal bone health.
Factors Affecting Vitamin D Absorption during Pregnancy
During pregnancy, it is crucial for expectant mothers to ensure they are getting an adequate amount of vitamins and minerals, including vitamin D. However, several factors can affect the absorption of vitamin D in pregnant women.
One of the main factors is the maternal vitamin D status. If a pregnant woman has low levels of vitamin D before conception, it can impact the absorption and availability of vitamin D during pregnancy. Therefore, it is important for women planning to conceive to optimize their vitamin D levels prior to becoming pregnant.
Another factor is sunlight exposure. Vitamin D is primarily synthesized in the skin through sun exposure. However, pregnant women may be more cautious about sun exposure due to concerns about skin damage and harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation. This reduced sunlight exposure can lead to decreased vitamin D synthesis in the body.
Dietary intake also plays a role in vitamin D absorption during pregnancy. Some food sources naturally contain vitamin D, such as fatty fish and fortified dairy products. However, many women may not consume enough of these foods to meet their vitamin D requirements. Additionally, certain dietary factors, such as a high body mass index (BMI) or a vegan/vegetarian diet, can affect the absorption of vitamin D.
Lastly, certain medical conditions and medications can impact vitamin D absorption during pregnancy. Conditions like liver or kidney disease can affect the metabolism and absorption of vitamin D in the body. Additionally, certain medications, such as anticonvulsants or glucocorticoids, can interfere with vitamin D absorption.
In conclusion, there are several factors that can affect the absorption of vitamin D during pregnancy. Maintaining optimal vitamin D levels through proper prenatal care, sun exposure, and dietary choices is essential for the health and well-being of both the mother and the developing fetus.
Choosing the Right Vitamin D Pregnancy Supplements
When it comes to prenatal vitamins, one of the most important nutrients to consider is vitamin D. This essential vitamin plays a crucial role in the development of the baby and overall pregnancy health.
With numerous options available in the market, choosing the right vitamin D supplement can be overwhelming. Here are a few factors to consider when selecting the best vitamin D supplement for pregnancy:
Type of Vitamin D:
There are two main types of vitamin D: D2 (ergocalciferol) and D3 (cholecalciferol). D3 is considered more effective as it is the form of vitamin D naturally produced by the body when the skin is exposed to sunlight. Look for a supplement that contains vitamin D3 for better absorption and utilization.
Dosage:
It’s important to choose a prenatal vitamin D supplement that provides an adequate dosage. The recommended daily intake of vitamin D during pregnancy is 600-800 IU (International Units) per day. Check the label to ensure that the supplement provides the right dosage to meet your needs.
Third-Party Testing:
To ensure the quality and safety of the supplement, look for a product that has undergone third-party testing. This means that an independent laboratory has verified the purity and potency of the supplement, giving you peace of mind about its quality.
Other considerations to keep in mind include the form of the supplement (capsule, softgel, or liquid), any additional ingredients or additives, and the reputation of the brand. Consulting with your healthcare provider can also help you make an informed decision based on your specific needs and medical history.
Remember, choosing the right vitamin D supplement is essential for a healthy pregnancy. Be sure to incorporate this vital nutrient into your prenatal vitamin routine for the well-being of both you and your baby.
Are Vitamin D Prenatal Supplements Necessary?
Prenatal vitamin supplements are an important consideration for expecting mothers, and vitamin D is no exception. While most prenatal vitamins include a variety of essential nutrients, many women do not get enough vitamin D through their diet or exposure to sunlight alone.
Vitamin D is crucial for the development of a healthy pregnancy. It aids in the absorption of calcium, which is essential for the proper growth and development of the baby’s bones and teeth. Additionally, vitamin D plays a role in the regulation of the body’s immune system and helps prevent certain pregnancy complications.
Research has shown a link between low levels of vitamin D during pregnancy and an increased risk of preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and premature birth. Taking vitamin D supplements can help ensure that expecting mothers are getting enough of this crucial nutrient to support a healthy pregnancy.
While it’s always best to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement regimen, many doctors recommend prenatal vitamin D supplements for expecting mothers. These supplements are formulated specifically to meet the needs of pregnant women and provide the necessary amount of vitamin D to support a healthy pregnancy.
In conclusion, vitamin D prenatal supplements are necessary to ensure that expectant mothers are getting enough of this essential nutrient. Talk to your healthcare provider about incorporating a prenatal vitamin D supplement into your daily routine to support a healthy pregnancy.
The Role of Prenatal Vitamins with Vitamin D
Prenatal vitamins play a crucial role in supporting the health of both the mother and the developing baby during pregnancy. These specially formulated supplements contain a combination of essential vitamins and minerals that are necessary for the proper growth and development of the baby, as well as for maintaining the mother’s overall health.
One of the key vitamins found in prenatal vitamins is vitamin D. Vitamin D is essential for the regulation of calcium and phosphorus levels in the body, which are vital for the development of strong bones and teeth. It also plays a crucial role in supporting the immune system and promoting healthy cell growth. Additionally, vitamin D is important for the absorption of other vitamins and minerals, such as calcium and iron, which are essential for a healthy pregnancy.
Benefits of Vitamin D during Pregnancy
Vitamin D offers numerous benefits for expecting mothers. Firstly, it helps prevent complications such as preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and preterm birth. It also reduces the risk of developing postpartum depression and supports proper fetal brain development.
Furthermore, vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy has been linked to an increased risk of complications such as gestational hypertension, low birth weight, and an increased risk of asthma and allergies in the child. Therefore, ensuring adequate levels of vitamin D through prenatal vitamins is essential for a healthy pregnancy and the long-term health of both the mother and the baby.
Choosing Prenatal Vitamins with Vitamin D
When selecting prenatal vitamins, it is important to choose a brand that includes an appropriate amount of vitamin D. The recommended daily intake of vitamin D during pregnancy is 600-800 international units (IU). However, it is always best to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the appropriate dosage for your specific needs.
It is also important to choose a prenatal vitamin that contains other essential nutrients such as folic acid, iron, and omega-3 fatty acids. These nutrients are crucial for the healthy development of the baby and can help prevent birth defects and other complications.
| Prenatal Vitamins | Key Benefits |
|---|---|
| Prenatal Vitamins with Vitamin D | Supports proper bone development, boosts the immune system, aids in nutrient absorption |
| Prenatal Vitamins with Folic Acid | Prevents neural tube defects, supports healthy brain development |
| Prenatal Vitamins with Iron | Prevents anemia, supports healthy blood production |
In conclusion, prenatal vitamins with vitamin D play a crucial role in promoting a healthy pregnancy. Adequate levels of vitamin D are essential for the development of the baby’s bones and teeth, as well as for maintaining the overall health of both the mother and the baby. It is important to choose a prenatal vitamin that includes an appropriate amount of vitamin D, along with other essential nutrients, to support a healthy pregnancy and ensure the best outcomes for both mother and child.
Potential Side Effects of Vitamin D Supplements during Pregnancy
While vitamin D is an essential nutrient for maintaining strong bones and a healthy immune system, it is important for expecting mothers to be aware of the potential side effects of taking vitamin D supplements during pregnancy. While these side effects are rare, it is essential to discuss their potential risks and benefits with your healthcare provider before adding any new prenatal vitamins to your routine.
1. Nausea and Vomiting
Some pregnant women may experience mild symptoms of nausea and vomiting when taking vitamin D supplements. These side effects are typically temporary and can be minimized by taking the supplement with food or at a different time of day.
2. Hypercalcemia
In rare cases, excessive intake of vitamin D supplements during pregnancy may lead to a condition called hypercalcemia, which is an abnormally high level of calcium in the blood. Symptoms of hypercalcemia may include nausea, vomiting, constipation, fatigue, and confusion. If you experience any of these symptoms, it is important to seek medical attention promptly.
It is important to note that these side effects are extremely rare and do not commonly occur with the recommended dosage of vitamin D supplements during pregnancy. However, it is always best to consult with your healthcare provider before starting any new prenatal vitamin regimen to ensure the safety and well-being of both you and your baby.
Best Practices for Taking Vitamin D Supplements during Pregnancy
During pregnancy, it is important to ensure that you are getting the necessary nutrients for both yourself and your growing baby. One important supplement to consider is Vitamin D. Vitamin D plays a crucial role in bone health and immune function, and it is especially important during pregnancy.
Consult with your healthcare provider
Before starting any new supplement regimen, it is important to consult with your healthcare provider. They can help determine the appropriate dosage for your specific needs and ensure that it is safe for you and your baby.
Choose a prenatal vitamin with Vitamin D
In addition to taking a standalone Vitamin D supplement, it is a good idea to choose a prenatal vitamin that also includes Vitamin D. This can help ensure that you are getting an adequate amount of this essential nutrient along with other important vitamins and minerals.
Take the supplement with a meal
When taking your Vitamin D supplement, it is best to do so with a meal. This can enhance absorption and minimize any potential digestive discomfort. Combining it with a meal that contains healthy fats can also aid in the absorption of Vitamin D, as it is a fat-soluble vitamin.
Stick to the recommended dosage
It is important to follow the recommended dosage provided by your healthcare provider or as directed on the supplement label. Taking more than the recommended amount may not provide additional benefits and could potentially be harmful to you and your baby.
Get regular sunlight exposure
In addition to taking supplements, getting regular sunlight exposure can also help boost your Vitamin D levels. The sun is a natural source of Vitamin D, and spending time outdoors can be beneficial for both your physical and mental well-being. Just be sure to take necessary precautions to avoid excessive sun exposure and protect your skin.
By following these best practices, you can ensure that you are getting the necessary Vitamin D during pregnancy. Remember to always consult with your healthcare provider before making any changes to your supplement routine.
Consulting with a Healthcare Professional about Vitamin D Supplements
When it comes to pregnancy supplements, such as prenatal vitamins, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional about the need for additional Vitamin D. Vitamin D is crucial for pregnant women as it plays a vital role in the development of the baby’s bones and teeth, as well as supporting the mother’s overall health during pregnancy.
The Importance of Vitamin D in Pregnancy
Vitamin D is known as the “sunshine vitamin” because our bodies can produce it naturally when exposed to sunlight. However, during pregnancy, it can be challenging to obtain enough Vitamin D solely from sun exposure, especially for those living in regions with limited sunlight or who have a darker skin tone, as the skin’s ability to produce Vitamin D is reduced.
During pregnancy, the demand for Vitamin D increases as it helps regulate the absorption of calcium and phosphorus, which are essential for the development of the baby’s bones and teeth. Additionally, Vitamin D is involved in the regulation of the mother’s immune system and contributes to overall maternal well-being during pregnancy.
Consulting with a Healthcare Professional
As each pregnancy is unique, it is crucial to consult with a healthcare professional, such as an obstetrician or midwife, before starting any new supplement regimen, including Vitamin D. They will be able to assess your individual needs, consider your medical history, and provide personalized guidance on the appropriate dosage and duration of Vitamin D supplementation.
Your healthcare provider may suggest a blood test to measure your Vitamin D levels and determine if supplementation is necessary. They will also take into account any pre-existing conditions, medications you may be taking, and your overall lifestyle to ensure the supplementation plan aligns with your specific needs.
Furthermore, your healthcare provider will guide you on selecting the appropriate prenatal vitamin that includes the recommended amount of Vitamin D, considering factors such as your dietary intake and any other supplements you may be taking.
Remember, self-diagnosing or self-prescribing can be risky during pregnancy, as certain supplements, including Vitamin D, can have potential interactions or side effects. By seeking professional guidance, you can ensure that you are taking the appropriate supplements to support your health and the healthy development of your baby.
Additional Tips for a Healthy Pregnancy
Throughout your pregnancy, it is important to take care of your overall health and well-being. Here are some additional tips to help you maintain a healthy pregnancy:
1. Eat a balanced diet
Proper nutrition is crucial during pregnancy. Make sure to include a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats in your diet. Avoid foods that are high in sugar, saturated fats, and processed ingredients.
2. Stay hydrated
Drink plenty of water throughout the day to stay hydrated. Dehydration can lead to complications during pregnancy, so it is important to make sure you are drinking enough fluids.
3. Get regular exercise
Engage in low-impact exercises such as walking, swimming, or prenatal yoga to stay active during pregnancy. Regular exercise can help reduce pregnancy discomforts, improve circulation, and maintain a healthy weight.
4. Take prenatal vitamins
In addition to taking vitamin D supplements, it is important to take a prenatal vitamin that contains essential nutrients like folic acid, iron, calcium, and omega-3 fatty acids. These vitamins and minerals are important for your baby’s development and can help prevent birth defects.
5. Get plenty of rest
Make sure to prioritize sleep and rest during your pregnancy. Listen to your body and take breaks when needed. Getting enough rest can help reduce stress and fatigue, as well as promote a healthy pregnancy.
6. Manage stress levels
Pregnancy can bring about a range of emotions and stress. Find healthy ways to manage stress, such as practicing relaxation techniques, engaging in hobbies, or seeking support from loved ones. High stress levels can impact your health and the health of your baby.
7. Attend regular prenatal check-ups
Regular prenatal check-ups with your healthcare provider are important for monitoring the progress of your pregnancy and ensuring that you and your baby are healthy. Attend all scheduled appointments and discuss any concerns or questions you may have with your healthcare provider.
By following these tips, you can support a healthy pregnancy and ensure the best possible outcomes for you and your baby.