Hormonal contraceptives, such as the birth control pill, have revolutionized women’s reproductive health by providing a reliable and convenient method of contraception. These oral contraceptives contain synthetic hormones that mimic the effects of the natural hormones in a woman’s body, allowing for effective pregnancy prevention.
One of the main benefits of using hormonal contraceptives is their high efficacy rate, with a failure rate of less than 1% when used correctly. This makes them one of the most reliable forms of contraception available. In addition to preventing pregnancy, hormonal contraceptives offer several other health benefits. They can regulate irregular menstrual cycles, reduce the intensity of menstrual cramps, and improve acne in some women.
However, like any medication, hormonal contraceptives also come with potential side effects. Some women may experience mild side effects such as nausea, breast tenderness, or changes in mood. These symptoms typically resolve within a few months of starting the contraceptive. In rare cases, more serious side effects such as blood clots or high blood pressure can occur, particularly in women who smoke or have certain health conditions.
It’s important for women to discuss their medical history and any concerns with their healthcare provider before starting a hormonal contraceptive. They can help determine the most appropriate option based on individual needs and health considerations. Overall, hormonal contraceptives have provided women with a reliable and convenient method of birth control, offering numerous benefits while minimizing the risk of unintended pregnancy.
The Basics of Birth Control Pills
Birth control pills, also known as oral contraceptives or hormonal pills, are one of the most popular and effective forms of birth control for women. They are a daily medication that contains hormones to prevent pregnancy.
These pills work by suppressing ovulation, the process in which an egg is released from the ovaries. Without ovulation, there is no egg for sperm to fertilize, thus preventing pregnancy. In addition to preventing ovulation, birth control pills also thicken the cervical mucus, making it difficult for sperm to reach the egg.
There are two main types of birth control pills: combination pills and progestin-only pills. Combination pills contain both estrogen and progestin hormones, while progestin-only pills contain only progestin. Combination pills are more commonly used and are considered more effective in preventing pregnancy.
It’s important to note that birth control pills do not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Therefore, it’s recommended to use condoms in addition to birth control pills if you’re at risk of contracting STIs.
- Birth control pills are taken orally, typically once a day at the same time.
- They are highly effective when taken consistently and correctly.
- It’s important to consult with a healthcare provider to determine the best type of birth control pill for your needs.
- Some women may experience side effects such as nausea, breast tenderness, or changes in menstrual bleeding while taking birth control pills.
- Missed pills may reduce the effectiveness of birth control, so it’s important to follow the prescribed schedule and use backup contraception if necessary.
- Birth control pills may interact with certain medications, so it’s important to inform your healthcare provider about any other medications you are taking.
In conclusion, birth control pills are a convenient and effective method of preventing pregnancy for women. However, they do not protect against STIs and may have some side effects. It’s important to discuss your options with a healthcare provider to determine the best type of birth control pill for your specific needs.
Understanding Hormonal Birth Control
Hormonal birth control is a popular contraceptive method for women. It involves the use of hormones, typically synthetic versions of estrogen and progestin, to prevent pregnancy. The most common form of hormonal birth control is the birth control pill, which is taken daily to regulate the hormones in a woman’s body and prevent ovulation.
Hormonal birth control works by suppressing the release of eggs from the ovaries and thickening the cervical mucus, making it difficult for sperm to travel through the reproductive tract and fertilize an egg. It is a highly effective method of birth control when used correctly and consistently.
There are several benefits to using hormonal birth control. It provides women with the ability to control their reproductive health and prevent unplanned pregnancies. It can also help regulate menstrual cycles, reduce menstrual cramps, and lighten periods. Additionally, hormonal birth control has been linked to a reduced risk of certain types of cancer, such as ovarian and endometrial cancer.
However, there can also be side effects and risks associated with hormonal birth control. Some women may experience changes in their menstrual cycle, such as spotting or irregular bleeding. Others may experience breast tenderness, headaches, or mood swings. There is also a small risk of more serious side effects, like blood clots, stroke, or heart attack. It’s important for women to discuss their individual risk factors with a healthcare provider before starting hormonal birth control.
In conclusion, hormonal birth control is a widely-used contraceptive method that provides women with control over their reproductive health. It is important for women to understand the benefits and potential risks associated with hormonal birth control and to consult with a healthcare provider to determine the best method for their individual needs.
Key Facts about Oral Contraceptives
Oral contraceptives, commonly known as “the pill,” are a popular form of birth control for women. They are hormonal medications that contain synthetic versions of the hormones estrogen and progestin. These hormones work together to prevent ovulation, thicken the cervical mucus to block sperm from reaching the egg, and thin the lining of the uterus to make it less receptive to implantation.
The pill is taken orally on a daily basis, usually for three weeks followed by a week of inactive pills or no pills at all. It is important to follow the prescribed schedule to ensure maximum effectiveness.
There are numerous benefits associated with oral contraceptives. Besides being highly effective in preventing pregnancy when used correctly, the pill offers other health benefits. It can help regulate menstrual cycles, reduce menstrual cramps, and make periods lighter and more predictable. Oral contraceptives have also been linked to a decreased risk of certain cancers, such as ovarian and endometrial cancer. Additionally, they can improve acne and reduce the symptoms of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).
However, it is important to note that oral contraceptives do not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The pill also carries some potential side effects, although they vary from person to person. Common side effects include nausea, headaches, breast tenderness, and mood changes. In rare cases, more serious side effects such as blood clots, stroke, and heart attack can occur, especially in women who smoke or have certain underlying health conditions. It is important to discuss any concerns or medical history with a healthcare provider before starting oral contraceptives.
Overall, oral contraceptives are a safe and effective form of birth control for many women. They offer both pregnancy prevention and several additional health benefits. However, it is important to weigh the potential risks and side effects against the benefits and discuss any concerns with a healthcare provider to determine the best contraceptive option for individual needs.
How Birth Control Pills Work
Birth control pills, also known as oral contraceptives, are a type of hormonal birth control method that women can use to prevent pregnancy. These pills contain synthetic hormones, usually a combination of estrogen and progestin, which work to control and regulate a woman’s menstrual cycle.
When a woman takes birth control pills orally on a daily basis, the hormonal content in the pills prevents the ovary from releasing an egg. This is known as ovulation. Without ovulation, there is no egg for sperm to fertilize, therefore preventing pregnancy.
In addition to preventing ovulation, birth control pills also thicken the cervical mucus, making it difficult for sperm to swim through the cervix and reach the egg. This helps to further prevent pregnancy by reducing the chances of sperm and egg interaction.
Birth control pills also have an impact on the uterine lining. They thin the lining of the uterus, which makes it less receptive to a fertilized egg. This means that even if an egg is released and fertilization occurs, the chances of the fertilized egg implanting in the uterus and resulting in pregnancy are significantly reduced.
It is important to note that birth control pills are only effective when taken consistently and correctly. Missing pills or not taking them at the same time every day can decrease their effectiveness.
While birth control pills are an effective and convenient form of contraception for many women, it is important to discuss with a healthcare provider to determine the best option for individual needs and to understand any potential side effects or risks associated with their use.
Pros and Cons of Hormonal Birth Control
Women have the option to choose from a variety of hormonal birth control methods, including oral contraceptives, hormonal patches, hormonal injections, and hormonal implants. These methods are designed to prevent unplanned pregnancies by altering a woman’s hormonal balance.
There are many benefits to using hormonal birth control:
- Highly effective: Hormonal birth control is one of the most effective methods of preventing pregnancy when used correctly.
- Convenient: Many hormonal birth control methods, such as oral contraceptives, are easy to use and can be taken discreetly.
- Regulates menstrual cycle: Hormonal birth control can help regulate a woman’s menstrual cycle, reducing the severity of symptoms such as cramps and heavy bleeding.
- Reduces acne: Some hormonal birth control methods can help reduce acne by regulating hormone levels in the body.
- Treats certain health conditions: Hormonal birth control can also be used to treat certain health conditions, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and endometriosis.
However, there are also some potential side effects and drawbacks to consider:
- Possible side effects: Hormonal birth control can cause side effects such as nausea, breast tenderness, weight gain, and mood changes.
- Requires daily use: Some hormonal birth control methods, such as oral contraceptives, need to be taken every day at the same time, which can be challenging for some women.
- No protection against STIs: Hormonal birth control does not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs), so additional methods such as condoms may be necessary for protection.
- Increased risk of blood clots: Some hormonal birth control methods, particularly those containing estrogen, may increase the risk of blood clots.
- Not suitable for everyone: Certain health conditions or individual factors may make hormonal birth control unsuitable for some women. It’s important to consult with a healthcare provider to determine the best method of birth control.
Overall, hormonal birth control can be an effective and convenient method of preventing pregnancy, but it’s important to weigh the potential benefits and drawbacks before making a decision.
Advantages of Oral Contraceptives
Oral contraceptives, also known as birth control pills, are a commonly used form of hormonal contraceptive for women. They offer several advantages such as:
| High Effectiveness: | Oral contraceptives are highly effective when taken correctly. When used consistently and as directed, they have a failure rate of less than 1%. This makes them one of the most reliable methods of birth control available. |
| Convenience: | The oral contraceptive pill is convenient to use. It can be easily taken at home without the need for any medical procedures or visits to a healthcare provider. This makes it a popular choice for women who prefer a discreet and hassle-free method of contraception. |
| Regulated Menstrual Cycle: | One of the benefits of oral contraceptives is that they can help regulate the menstrual cycle. Women taking the pill often experience lighter and more predictable periods. This can be helpful for those who want to manage their menstrual symptoms or have a regular schedule. |
| Reduced Risk of Certain Cancers: | Studies have shown that long-term use of oral contraceptives can reduce the risk of ovarian and endometrial cancers. The hormonal components in the pill are thought to have a protective effect on the reproductive organs, offering potential long-term health benefits. |
| Treatment of Hormonal Imbalances: | Oral contraceptives can be used to treat various hormone-related conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), premenstrual syndrome (PMS), and endometriosis. The hormonal components in the pill can help regulate hormone levels and alleviate the symptoms associated with these conditions. |
Overall, oral contraceptives provide women with a reliable and convenient method of birth control. They offer additional benefits such as menstrual cycle regulation, reduced risk of certain cancers, and treatment of hormonal imbalances. However, it’s important to note that oral contraceptives may also have some side effects, which should be discussed with a healthcare provider before starting this form of contraception.
Disadvantages of Hormonal Contraceptives
While hormonal contraceptives, such as the oral contraceptive pill, can provide effective birth control and numerous benefits for women, they also have some disadvantages that should be considered.
1. Side Effects
One of the most common disadvantages of hormonal contraceptives is the potential for side effects. These can range from mild symptoms such as nausea and breast tenderness to more severe side effects such as blood clot formation or an increased risk of certain types of cancer.
It’s important for women to be aware of these potential side effects and discuss them with their healthcare provider before starting any type of hormonal contraception.
2. Hormonal Imbalance
Another disadvantage of hormonal contraceptives is the potential for a hormonal imbalance. While these contraceptives work by altering hormone levels to prevent pregnancy, they can also disrupt the natural hormonal balance in a woman’s body.
This can lead to irregular menstrual cycles, mood swings, and other hormonal symptoms. It may take some time for a woman’s body to adjust to the hormonal changes caused by contraceptives, and this adjustment period can be challenging for some women.
3. Limited Protection
While hormonal contraceptives are highly effective when used correctly, it’s important to note that they do not provide protection against sexually transmitted infections (STIs). This means that additional forms of protection, such as condoms, should be used to reduce the risk of STIs.
Furthermore, hormonal contraceptives are not 100% foolproof and there is still a small chance of becoming pregnant even when using them correctly. It’s important for women to be aware of this and use additional forms of contraception if desired.
In conclusion, while hormonal contraceptives provide numerous benefits for women, they also have some disadvantages that should be considered. It’s important for women to weigh the pros and cons, and discuss their options with a healthcare provider, to determine the best contraceptive method for their needs.
Possible Side Effects of Birth Control Pills
Oral contraceptives, commonly known as birth control pills, are a popular option for women to control their hormones and prevent pregnancy. While these pills have proven to be highly effective, it’s important to be aware of the possible side effects that may occur.
1. Nausea
Some women may experience nausea when they first start taking hormonal birth control pills. This feeling of queasiness usually subsides after a few weeks as the body adjusts to the new hormonal levels.
2. Headaches
Another common side effect is headaches. However, the severity and frequency of these headaches can vary from person to person. It is advisable to consult a healthcare professional if the headaches become persistent or severe.
3. Weight Gain
Weight gain is a potential side effect of hormonal birth control pills. While some studies have shown a correlation between weight gain and contraceptive pills, it’s important to note that individual responses can vary. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle with a balanced diet and regular exercise can help minimize any potential weight changes.
4. Mood Swings
Changes in mood and emotional well-being are also possible side effects of hormonal birth control. Some women may experience increased irritability, anxiety, or mood swings during the initial adjustment period. These symptoms often improve over time, but it is essential to monitor any significant changes and consult a healthcare professional if needed.
5. Changes in Menstrual Cycle
Birth control pills may also affect the menstrual cycle. Some women may experience lighter or shorter periods, while others may have irregular bleeding or spotting between periods. These changes typically resolve within a few months of starting the pills.
6. Decreased Libido
In some cases, a decrease in sexual desire or libido may occur as a side effect of hormonal birth control. This can be a result of the hormonal changes in the body. If this becomes a concern, discussing alternative birth control options with a healthcare professional is recommended.
It’s important to remember that while these side effects are possible, they do not occur in all women. Different formulations of birth control pills may also have varying effects on individuals. It is essential to consult a healthcare professional to discuss the best options and potential side effects when considering hormonal contraceptives.
Common Myths and Misconceptions
There are many myths and misconceptions surrounding women’s hormonal contraceptives, particularly birth control pills. It’s important to separate fact from fiction when it comes to understanding the benefits and side effects of these medications.
Myth 1: Birth control pills are the only form of hormonal contraception available
Contrary to popular belief, birth control pills are not the only option for women seeking hormonal contraception. In addition to oral contraceptives, there are various other methods such as contraceptive patches, injections, implants, and intrauterine devices (IUDs). Each of these methods has its own benefits and potential side effects, so it’s essential to consult with a healthcare professional to determine which option is best suited for you.
Myth 2: Birth control pills always lead to weight gain
Weight gain is often associated with hormonal contraceptives, but it is not a guaranteed side effect for all women. While some individuals may experience slight weight gain, studies have shown that it is usually temporary and not significant enough to cause concern. Additionally, weight fluctuation can be influenced by various factors such as diet, exercise, and individual metabolism. It’s important to remember that weight-related concerns should not deter women from considering and using birth control pills as a contraceptive method.
Myth 3: Birth control pills can affect fertility in the long term
There is a common misconception that using birth control pills for an extended period can reduce a woman’s fertility in the future. However, research has shown that there is no evidence to support this claim. Once a woman stops taking oral contraceptives, her fertility typically returns to its normal state within a few months. It’s worth noting that certain contraceptive methods, such as the hormonal IUD, may actually have a positive impact on fertility by helping regulate menstrual cycles and reducing the risk of certain reproductive health issues.
In conclusion, it’s important to debunk common myths and misconceptions surrounding women’s hormonal contraceptives. Understanding the true benefits and potential side effects of birth control pills and other contraceptive methods can help individuals make informed decisions about their reproductive health.
Choosing the Right Contraceptive Option
When it comes to women’s hormonal birth control, there are several options available. It’s important for women to choose the contraceptive method that best fits their lifestyle and needs. Here are some factors to consider when choosing the right contraceptive option:
Effectiveness
One of the most important factors to consider is the effectiveness of the contraceptive method. For women who want a highly effective method, hormonal contraceptives such as the pill or the oral contraceptive pill are good options. These methods have a high success rate when used correctly.
Lifestyle
Women’s lifestyles play a significant role in choosing the right contraceptive option. For women who have a busy schedule and may forget to take a pill every day, long-acting methods like intrauterine devices (IUDs) or implants may be more suitable. These methods provide long-term protection without the need for daily maintenance.
Side Effects
It’s important to consider the potential side effects of hormonal contraceptives. Some women may experience side effects such as nausea, mood changes, or weight gain. It’s essential to discuss these potential side effects with a healthcare provider to find a method that minimizes these effects.
Health Conditions
Women with certain health conditions, such as high blood pressure or a history of blood clots, may need to choose a contraceptive option that is safe for them. It’s important to consult with a healthcare provider to determine the best contraceptive method for women with specific health concerns.
By considering factors such as effectiveness, lifestyle, side effects, and health conditions, women can make an informed decision when choosing the right contraceptive option. It’s always best to consult with a healthcare provider to discuss individual needs and determine the most suitable method.
Alternative Options to Hormonal Birth Control
For women who are looking for alternatives to hormonal contraceptives or are unable to take them due to medical reasons, there are several non-hormonal options available that can be just as effective in preventing pregnancy.
Copper IUD
One highly effective non-hormonal contraceptive option is the copper intrauterine device (IUD). The copper IUD is a small, T-shaped device that is inserted into the uterus by a healthcare professional. It works by releasing copper ions, which are toxic to sperm and prevent fertilization. The copper IUD can provide up to 10 years of protection against pregnancy.
Barrier Methods
Barrier methods of birth control, such as condoms, diaphragms, and cervical caps, are another alternative to hormonal contraceptives. These methods physically block sperm from reaching the egg and can be used in combination with spermicides for added protection. Barrier methods are easily accessible, affordable, and do not require a prescription.
Fertility Awareness Methods
Fertility awareness methods (FAMs) involve tracking a woman’s menstrual cycle to determine when she is most fertile and avoiding intercourse during those times. This method requires regular monitoring of basal body temperature, cervical mucus consistency, and other indicators of ovulation. FAMs can be highly effective when used correctly, but they require a high level of commitment and awareness.
Sterilization
For women who are certain they do not want to have any more children, sterilization procedures such as tubal ligation or bilateral salpingectomy can provide a permanent form of contraception. These procedures involve blocking or removing the fallopian tubes, preventing the sperm from meeting the egg. Sterilization is a highly effective method but should only be considered as a long-term solution.
It is important for women to discuss their options with a healthcare professional to determine the most suitable method of birth control for their individual needs and preferences. Every woman is different, and what works for one may not work for another. By considering the alternatives to hormonal contraceptives, women can make informed decisions about their reproductive health.
Effectiveness and Success Rates
Women’s hormonal contraceptives, such as the pill, are a highly effective method of birth control. When used correctly and consistently, they have a success rate of 99%, making them one of the most reliable forms of contraception available.
The pill works by preventing ovulation, thickening the cervical mucus, and thinning the lining of the uterus. These actions make it difficult for sperm to reach and fertilize an egg, thereby reducing the chances of pregnancy.
It is important for women to follow the instructions given by their healthcare provider or the packaging of the contraceptive pill to ensure maximum effectiveness. Taking the pill at the same time every day and not missing any doses are key factors in preventing unwanted pregnancies.
It is worth noting that the effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives can vary depending on factors such as a woman’s age, weight, and overall health. Certain medications and medical conditions can also affect the efficacy of the pill.
It is always recommended to consult with a healthcare provider to determine the most suitable form of birth control for an individual’s specific needs and circumstances.
Overall, hormonal contraceptives provide a reliable and effective method of birth control for women when used correctly. However, it is important to remember that no form of contraception is 100% foolproof, and additional precautions, such as using condoms, may be necessary to further reduce the risk of unintended pregnancies.
Taking Birth Control Pills Correctly
Taking birth control pills correctly is crucial to their effectiveness in preventing pregnancy. The pill is a hormonal form of oral birth control that is widely used by women worldwide. Here are some important points to keep in mind when taking birth control pills:
- Take the pill at the same time every day. Consistency is key for the pill to work effectively. Set a reminder or alarm to help you remember.
- Follow the instructions provided by your healthcare provider or the package insert. Each pill may have specific instructions regarding missed doses, starting a new pack, or what to do in case of vomiting or diarrhea.
- If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it has been more than 24 hours since your missed dose, use a backup method of contraception, such as condoms, for the next 7 days.
- It’s important to note that certain medications, such as antibiotics or antifungal drugs, can interfere with the effectiveness of oral contraceptives. Consult with your healthcare provider if you are prescribed any new medications to ensure they won’t affect your birth control.
- Some common side effects of birth control pills include nausea, breast tenderness, and mood changes. These side effects usually subside after a few months, but if they persist or become severe, consult with your healthcare provider.
Remember, birth control pills are an effective form of contraception when taken correctly. If you have any concerns or questions, consult with your healthcare provider for personalized advice.
Medical Considerations and Precautions
When considering taking any form of hormonal contraceptives, it is important to be aware of certain medical considerations and precautions. While these contraceptives, such as the oral pill, are generally safe and effective, there are factors to take into account to ensure they are the right choice for you.
1. Health History: It is crucial to discuss your complete health history with a healthcare provider before starting any hormonal birth control. Certain medical conditions, such as blood clotting disorders, heart disease, or liver problems, may make hormonal contraceptives unsuitable or require careful monitoring.
2. Other Medications: Some medications, such as certain antibiotics, antifungals, or antiepileptics, may interact with hormonal contraceptives and potentially reduce their effectiveness. It is important to inform your healthcare provider about any medications you are currently taking to ensure they won’t interfere with your birth control.
3. Diabetes: Women with diabetes may require additional monitoring and adjustments in their treatment plans when starting hormonal contraceptives. This is because hormonal birth control can sometimes affect blood sugar levels and insulin requirements.
4. Smoking: Smoking, especially for women over 35 years old, increases the risk of serious cardiovascular side effects when combined with hormonal contraceptives. If you smoke or have a history of smoking, it is essential to discuss this with your healthcare provider before starting hormonal birth control.
5. Side Effects: Hormonal contraceptives can cause various side effects, such as breast tenderness, mood changes, or changes in menstrual bleeding patterns. It is important to discuss these potential side effects with your healthcare provider to determine if the benefits of hormonal birth control outweigh the risks for you.
Ultimately, the decision to use hormonal contraceptives should be made in consultation with a healthcare provider. They can provide personalized advice based on your unique medical history and individual needs. By considering these medical considerations and precautions, you can make an informed decision about the use of hormonal birth control.
Consulting a Healthcare Provider
If you are considering using a hormonal contraceptive, such as the oral birth control pill, it is highly recommended to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any type of hormonal birth control. Your healthcare provider will be able to assess your individual needs and medical history to determine if hormonal contraceptives are the right choice for you.
During your consultation, your healthcare provider will discuss the benefits and potential side effects of hormonal contraceptives, as well as any risks or contraindications that may pertain to your specific circumstances. They will also provide information on how to properly use the contraceptive and address any questions or concerns you might have.
It is important to be open and honest with your healthcare provider about your medical history, current medications, and any lifestyle factors that may impact the effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives. This will help ensure that you receive the most appropriate and safe form of birth control.
Remember, everyone’s body is different, and what works for one person may not work for another. Your healthcare provider is there to guide you in making an informed decision about your birth control options and to provide ongoing support and monitoring as needed.
Consulting a healthcare provider before starting any type of hormonal birth control is an essential step in choosing the contraceptive method that is best suited for your individual needs and preferences.
Maintaining a Healthy Lifestyle
While the oral contraceptive pill is an effective method of women’s hormonal birth control, it is important to remember that it is not the only factor in maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Here are some tips to consider:
Diet and Exercise
Eating a balanced diet and getting regular exercise are crucial components of a healthy lifestyle. Incorporating fresh fruits and vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins into your diet can provide your body with essential nutrients. Regular physical activity, such as walking, swimming, or cycling, can help maintain overall health and reduce the risk of certain health conditions.
Frequent Check-Ups
It is important to schedule regular check-ups with your healthcare provider, even if you are taking the oral contraceptive pill. These check-ups can help monitor your overall health and address any concerns or potential side effects that may arise. Your healthcare provider may also recommend additional screenings or vaccinations based on your individual health needs.
Stress Management
Stress can have a negative impact on both physical and mental health. Finding healthy ways to manage stress, such as practicing mindfulness or engaging in relaxation techniques like yoga or meditation, can help promote overall well-being.
Healthy Habits
In addition to diet, exercise, and stress management, cultivating other healthy habits can contribute to a well-rounded lifestyle. These habits may include getting enough sleep, drinking plenty of water, avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol consumption, and maintaining a positive social support system.
Incorporating these tips into your lifestyle can help ensure that you are taking a comprehensive approach to maintaining your health while using the oral contraceptive pill as your chosen method of birth control.