High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, is a common condition that affects many women during pregnancy. It is characterized by elevated levels of pressure in the blood vessels, which can be dangerous for both the mother and the baby. Pregnancy-induced hypertension, also known as gestational hypertension, is a specific type of high blood pressure that occurs only during pregnancy and usually resolves after delivery.
Managing high blood pressure during pregnancy is crucial to ensure the well-being of both the mother and the baby. If left uncontrolled, high blood pressure can lead to complications such as preeclampsia, a serious condition affecting the organs and causing potential harm to the baby. Regular monitoring of blood pressure, along with lifestyle changes and medical interventions, can help to manage and control elevated blood pressure levels.
During pregnancy, it is important for women with high blood pressure to work closely with their healthcare providers to develop a personalized management plan. This may include regular prenatal visits, monitoring blood pressure at home, maintaining a healthy diet, engaging in regular physical activity, and taking prescribed medications if necessary. It is also important to manage stress levels, as stress can contribute to elevated blood pressure. By following these recommendations, women can help reduce the risks associated with high blood pressure during pregnancy and promote a healthy pregnancy and delivery.
Understanding Elevated Blood Pressure During Pregnancy
During pregnancy, it is not uncommon for women to experience changes in their blood pressure. One of these changes can be elevated blood pressure, also known as hypertension induced by pregnancy.
Elevated blood pressure during pregnancy is a condition where the blood pressure levels are higher than normal. This condition can occur in women who had normal blood pressure prior to pregnancy, as well as those who had pre-existing hypertension.
Pregnancy-induced hypertension can have serious consequences for both the mother and the baby. It can increase the risk of preterm birth, preeclampsia, placental abruption, and other complications.
Monitoring blood pressure during pregnancy is important to ensure the health and well-being of both the mother and the baby. Regular check-ups with a healthcare provider are crucial to identify any changes in blood pressure levels.
Treatment for elevated blood pressure during pregnancy may include lifestyle changes, such as maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, and eating a balanced diet. In some cases, medication may be prescribed to lower blood pressure levels.
It is important for pregnant women to be aware of the signs and symptoms of elevated blood pressure, such as swelling in the hands and face, sudden weight gain, headaches, and changes in vision. If any of these symptoms occur, it is important to seek medical attention immediately.
| Signs and Symptoms of Elevated Blood Pressure During Pregnancy |
|---|
| Swelling in the hands and face |
| Sudden weight gain |
| Headaches |
| Changes in vision |
Risks and Complications of Hypertension During Pregnancy
During pregnancy, high blood pressure can lead to various risks and complications for both the mother and the baby. It is important for pregnant women to closely monitor their blood pressure levels and seek appropriate medical care if any elevated readings are detected.
Pregnancy-induced hypertension, also known as gestational hypertension, is a condition where a woman develops high blood pressure during pregnancy. This condition typically arises after the 20th week of pregnancy and usually subsides after delivery. However, if left untreated, pregnancy-induced hypertension can lead to more serious complications.
One of the major risks of hypertension during pregnancy is preeclampsia. Preeclampsia is a pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure and damage to organs such as the liver and kidneys. If left untreated, preeclampsia can lead to eclampsia, a life-threatening condition that can cause seizures and affect the brain and other organs.
In addition to preeclampsia, hypertension during pregnancy can also increase the risk of premature birth. Elevated blood pressure can affect the placenta, reducing the flow of nutrients and oxygen to the baby. This can result in a baby being born preterm, which can lead to various health issues and developmental delays.
Other complications associated with hypertension during pregnancy include intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), where the baby does not grow properly in the womb, and placental abruption, where the placenta separates from the uterine wall before delivery. Both of these complications can have serious consequences for the health and well-being of the baby.
To minimize the risks and complications of hypertension during pregnancy, it is important for pregnant women to attend regular prenatal check-ups and follow the advice of their healthcare provider. This may include monitoring blood pressure, taking prescribed medications, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and managing stress levels.
In conclusion, hypertension during pregnancy can pose significant risks and complications for both the mother and the baby. It is important for pregnant women to be aware of the potential dangers and seek proper medical care to ensure a safe and healthy pregnancy.
Symptoms of Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension
Pregnancy-induced hypertension, also known as high blood pressure during pregnancy, can lead to serious complications if left untreated. It is essential for pregnant women to be aware of the symptoms of this condition so that they can seek medical attention promptly.
Elevated Blood Pressure
An obvious symptom of pregnancy-induced hypertension is elevated blood pressure. If your blood pressure reading consistently shows a systolic level of 140 mm Hg or higher, or a diastolic level of 90 mm Hg or higher, it is important to consult your healthcare provider.
Other Symptoms
Pregnancy-induced hypertension can also manifest through various symptoms, including:
- Swelling – Excessive swelling in the hands, face, feet, and legs may indicate pregnancy-induced hypertension.
- Headaches – Frequent headaches, especially severe or persistent ones, can be a sign of this condition.
- Blurred vision – Vision changes, such as blurred vision or seeing spots, should not be ignored.
- Abdominal pain – Severe pain or tenderness in the upper abdomen may indicate complications related to high blood pressure during pregnancy.
- Nausea or vomiting – Persistent nausea or vomiting, particularly accompanied by other symptoms, should be reported to your doctor.
If you experience any of these symptoms, it is crucial to contact your healthcare provider. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of pregnancy-induced hypertension are essential for the well-being of both the mother and the baby.
Diagnosing Hypertension During Pregnancy
During pregnancy, it is important to closely monitor blood pressure levels, as hypertension can have serious implications for both the mother and the baby. High blood pressure during pregnancy can be categorized into two types: chronic hypertension and pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH).
Chronic hypertension refers to high blood pressure that was present before pregnancy or that occurs before 20 weeks of gestation. On the other hand, pregnancy-induced hypertension is characterized by elevated blood pressure that develops after 20 weeks of pregnancy and is typically resolved after delivery.
To diagnose hypertension during pregnancy, healthcare providers will typically track blood pressure readings over time. A blood pressure reading that is consistently higher than 140/90 mm Hg may indicate hypertension. However, multiple high blood pressure readings are needed to make an accurate diagnosis.
In addition to monitoring blood pressure, healthcare providers may also perform other tests to evaluate the severity of the hypertension and assess potential complications. These tests may include urine tests to check for proteinuria, which is a common sign of preeclampsia, a pregnancy-specific complication associated with high blood pressure. Blood tests may also be conducted to measure kidney and liver function.
Early diagnosis and management of hypertension during pregnancy are crucial for ensuring the health and well-being of both the mother and the baby. If diagnosed with high blood pressure during pregnancy, it is important to closely follow the healthcare provider’s recommendations and attend regular prenatal check-ups.
Preventing High Blood Pressure During Pregnancy
High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, is common during pregnancy and can pose serious risks to both the mother and the baby. Here are some tips to help prevent high blood pressure during pregnancy:
- Monitor Your Blood Pressure Regularly: It is important to regularly monitor your blood pressure during pregnancy. This can help detect any elevated levels early and allow for timely intervention.
- Eat a Healthy Diet: A well-balanced diet that is rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can help regulate blood pressure. Avoid foods that are high in salt, saturated fats, and cholesterol.
- Stay Active: Engaging in regular physical activity can help keep your blood pressure in check. Talk to your healthcare provider about safe exercises you can do during pregnancy.
- Manage Stress: Stress can elevate blood pressure levels. Find healthy ways to manage stress, such as practicing relaxation techniques, doing yoga, or engaging in hobbies you enjoy.
- Avoid Smoking and Alcohol: Smoking and consuming alcohol during pregnancy can increase the risk of developing high blood pressure. It is best to avoid these substances altogether.
- Attend Regular Prenatal Check-ups: Regular prenatal check-ups with your healthcare provider are essential for monitoring your blood pressure and overall health during pregnancy.
- Take Prescribed Medications: If you have pre-existing hypertension or are at risk of developing high blood pressure during pregnancy, your healthcare provider may prescribe medications to help manage your blood pressure. Take them as directed.
- Limit Caffeine Intake: Excessive consumption of caffeine can increase blood pressure levels. Limit your intake of caffeinated beverages like coffee, tea, and soda.
- Get Adequate Rest: Getting enough rest and sleep is important for maintaining healthy blood pressure levels. Aim for 7-9 hours of quality sleep per night.
By following these preventive measures, you can reduce the risk of developing high blood pressure during pregnancy and promote a healthy pregnancy for both you and your baby.
Lifestyle Changes to Manage Hypertension During Pregnancy
During pregnancy, it is important for women with high blood pressure or pregnancy-induced hypertension to make certain lifestyle changes to manage their condition. These lifestyle changes can help to lower and control elevated blood pressure levels, reducing the risk of complications for both mother and baby.
Here are some lifestyle changes that can be beneficial for managing hypertension during pregnancy:
- Follow a balanced and healthy diet: Eating a diet that is low in sodium and high in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can help to lower blood pressure. It is important to limit the intake of processed foods, added sugars, and saturated fats.
- Monitor and limit caffeine intake: Caffeine can increase blood pressure levels. It is advisable to limit or avoid caffeinated beverages such as coffee, tea, and sodas.
- Engage in regular physical activity: Regular exercise can help to lower blood pressure and promote overall cardiovascular health. It is important to consult with a healthcare provider before starting or continuing an exercise routine during pregnancy.
- Manage stress levels: Stress can contribute to elevated blood pressure levels. Engaging in stress-reducing activities such as yoga, meditation, deep breathing exercises, and taking breaks can be helpful.
- Get enough sleep: Adequate sleep is essential for overall health and blood pressure management. Pregnant women should aim to get at least 7-8 hours of quality sleep per night.
- Avoid smoking and alcohol: Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption can worsen hypertension and pose risks to the health of the mother and baby. It is crucial to eliminate these harmful substances during pregnancy.
- Attend regular prenatal check-ups: Regular prenatal visits with healthcare providers can help monitor and manage hypertension during pregnancy. These appointments allow for close monitoring of blood pressure levels and the overall well-being of both mother and baby.
- Follow prescribed medications and treatments: If medication or other treatments are prescribed by a healthcare provider to manage hypertension during pregnancy, it is important to follow the instructions and take them as directed.
It is crucial for pregnant women with high blood pressure or pregnancy-induced hypertension to speak with their healthcare provider about the specific lifestyle changes that will be most effective for their individual situation. Each woman’s needs may be different, and a healthcare provider can provide personalized guidance and support to ensure a healthy pregnancy.
Exercise and Physical Activity Guidelines for Pregnant Women with Hypertension
Elevated blood pressure during pregnancy, known as gestational hypertension or pregnancy-induced hypertension, is a common condition that can pose risks for both the mother and the baby. It is important for pregnant women with hypertension to manage their condition and stay healthy.
The Benefits of Exercise
Regular exercise and physical activity can have numerous benefits for pregnant women with hypertension:
- Helps lower blood pressure levels
- Improves cardiovascular health
- Reduces the risk of developing complications such as preeclampsia
- Controls weight gain
- Boosts mood and reduces stress
- Increases energy levels
Guidelines for Exercise
Here are some guidelines for pregnant women with hypertension to follow when it comes to exercise:
- Consult with your healthcare provider before starting or modifying an exercise routine
- Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity per week
- Choose activities that are low-impact and gentle on the joints, such as walking, swimming, or stationary biking
- Avoid activities that may cause an increase in blood pressure or strain on the body, such as heavy weightlifting or high-impact sports
- Listen to your body and avoid overexertion or pushing yourself too hard
- Stay hydrated before, during, and after exercise
- Take frequent breaks and rest when necessary
Remember to always prioritize your safety and health during exercise. If you experience any unusual symptoms or discomfort, stop exercising and consult with your healthcare provider immediately.
Medical Treatments for Hypertension During Pregnancy
Managing high blood pressure during pregnancy is crucial to ensure the health and well-being of the mother and the baby. Medical treatments for hypertension during pregnancy are aimed at controlling and reducing elevated blood pressure levels to minimize the risks and complications associated with pregnancy-induced hypertension.
The medical treatments for hypertension during pregnancy may include:
| Treatment | Description |
|---|---|
| Lifestyle modifications | Adopting a healthy lifestyle by maintaining a balanced diet, exercising regularly, reducing salt intake, avoiding alcohol and tobacco, and managing stress can help manage high blood pressure during pregnancy. |
| Medication | In some cases, medication may be prescribed by the healthcare provider to control blood pressure. Commonly used medications include methyldopa, labetalol, and nifedipine. |
| Monitoring | Frequent monitoring of blood pressure and regular prenatal visits are essential to track the progress of hypertension during pregnancy and make necessary adjustments to the treatment plan if needed. |
| Bed rest | In certain situations, healthcare providers may recommend bed rest to reduce physical activity and stress, helping to stabilize blood pressure levels. |
| Induction of labor | If the blood pressure becomes dangerously high or if there are complications that put the mother or the baby at risk, healthcare providers may consider inducing labor before the due date to prevent further complications. |
It is important for pregnant women with hypertension to work closely with their healthcare providers to develop an individualized treatment plan that best suits their specific needs and circumstances. Regular monitoring, medication adherence, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle are crucial in managing high blood pressure during pregnancy.
Medication Safety and Guidelines for Pregnant Women
During pregnancy, it is important for women with pregnancy-induced hypertension or elevated blood pressure to manage their condition effectively. This involves following certain medication safety guidelines to ensure the well-being of both the mother and the developing baby.
Consulting a Healthcare Provider
Women who are pregnant and have high blood pressure should consult with their healthcare provider before taking any medications. This is important to determine the best course of action and ensure the safety of both the mother and the baby.
Safe Medications for Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension
There are certain medications that are considered safe for treating pregnancy-induced hypertension. These medications usually belong to the category of antihypertensives and have been proven to effectively lower blood pressure without causing harm to the developing fetus.
Some commonly prescribed medications for managing high blood pressure during pregnancy include:
- Methyldopa: This medication is often considered the first-line treatment for pregnancy-induced hypertension. It has been used for many years and has a proven safety record for both the mother and the baby.
- Labetalol: Labetalol is another antihypertensive medication commonly prescribed for managing high blood pressure during pregnancy. It is considered safe and can be used as an alternative to methyldopa.
- Nifedipine: Nifedipine is a calcium channel blocker that is sometimes prescribed to lower blood pressure during pregnancy. It is generally safe but should be used with caution and under the supervision of a healthcare provider.
It is important to note that these medications should only be taken under the guidance and supervision of a healthcare professional. Self-medication or taking medications without proper medical advice can be harmful to both the mother and the baby.
Pregnant women with high blood pressure should also make lifestyle modifications such as eating a healthy diet, exercising regularly, and managing stress. These lifestyle changes can help complement medication therapy and contribute to better blood pressure control during pregnancy.
In conclusion, managing high blood pressure during pregnancy involves following medication safety guidelines and consulting with a healthcare provider. Safe medications such as methyldopa, labetalol, and nifedipine may be prescribed to effectively lower blood pressure without harm to the developing baby. It is important to prioritize the well-being of both the mother and the baby during pregnancy-induced hypertension.
The Role of Prenatal Care in Managing High Blood Pressure
Elevated blood pressure during pregnancy, also known as pregnancy-induced hypertension, is a common condition that can have serious health implications for both the mother and the baby. It is important for pregnant women with high blood pressure to receive regular prenatal care to effectively manage their condition and reduce the risks associated with it.
Prenatal care plays a crucial role in managing high blood pressure during pregnancy by closely monitoring the mother’s blood pressure levels and providing necessary interventions to maintain them within a safe range. Regular check-ups allow healthcare providers to track any changes in blood pressure and adjust treatment plans accordingly.
During prenatal visits, healthcare providers may also recommend lifestyle modifications to help manage high blood pressure. These can include recommendations for a healthy diet, regular physical activity, stress reduction techniques, and adequate rest. By making these changes, pregnant women can better control their blood pressure and reduce the risk of complications.
In addition to monitoring blood pressure levels, prenatal care also involves regular screening for any potential complications associated with high blood pressure. These may include tests to assess kidney function, blood tests to monitor organ health, and ultrasounds to check the growth and development of the baby. Catching any issues early allows for timely interventions and better management of high blood pressure.
Furthermore, prenatal care provides an opportunity for pregnant women to receive education and support regarding their condition. Healthcare providers can provide information about the potential risks and complications associated with high blood pressure during pregnancy, as well as advice on how to minimize these risks. They can also address any concerns or questions that the mother may have, offering guidance and reassurance throughout the pregnancy journey.
In conclusion, prenatal care plays a vital role in managing high blood pressure during pregnancy. By closely monitoring blood pressure levels, implementing lifestyle modifications, screening for potential complications, and offering education and support, healthcare providers can effectively manage this condition and help ensure a healthy pregnancy for both the mother and baby.
Monitoring and Tracking Blood Pressure During Pregnancy
High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, can be a concern during pregnancy. It is important to monitor and track blood pressure levels to ensure the health and well-being of both the mother and the baby.
Pregnancy-induced hypertension, also called gestational hypertension, occurs when a woman develops high blood pressure after 20 weeks of pregnancy. This condition can be temporary and usually resolves after delivery.
Monitoring blood pressure during pregnancy is crucial to identify and manage any potential complications. Regular check-ups with a healthcare provider will typically include measuring blood pressure at each visit.
A blood pressure reading consists of two numbers: systolic pressure and diastolic pressure. Systolic pressure is the higher number and represents the pressure in the arteries when the heart beats. Diastolic pressure is the lower number and represents the pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest between beats.
Normal blood pressure during pregnancy is typically around 120/80 mmHg. However, these numbers can vary from person to person. Elevated blood pressure readings may indicate the need for further evaluation and monitoring.
Tracking blood pressure at home can also be helpful. Women with high blood pressure may be advised to regularly monitor their blood pressure using a home blood pressure monitor. This can provide valuable information to healthcare providers and help guide treatment decisions.
In addition to monitoring blood pressure, a healthcare provider may recommend other tests to assess the overall health of the mother and the baby. These tests may include blood tests, urine tests, and ultrasounds.
By monitoring and tracking blood pressure during pregnancy, healthcare providers can identify and manage hypertension effectively. Early detection and appropriate management can help reduce the risks associated with high blood pressure during pregnancy and promote a healthy outcome for both the mother and the baby.
Emotional Support and Coping Strategies for Pregnant Women with Hypertension
Pregnancy-induced hypertension, also known as high blood pressure during pregnancy, can be a challenging condition to manage. The elevated pressure can cause stress and anxiety for expectant mothers, but with the right emotional support and coping strategies, it is possible to navigate this journey with more ease.
1. Seek Support
Dealing with high blood pressure during pregnancy can feel overwhelming, but it’s important to remember that you are not alone. Reach out to your partner, family, and friends for emotional support. Sharing your concerns and fears with loved ones can provide a sense of comfort and reassurance during this challenging time.
In addition to seeking support from your loved ones, consider joining a support group for pregnant women with hypertension. Connecting with others who are going through a similar experience can offer a sense of community and understanding. You can share coping strategies, exchange advice, and find solace in knowing that you are not the only one facing these challenges.
2. Practice Self-Care
Managing your emotional well-being is essential when dealing with high blood pressure during pregnancy. Take time for yourself and engage in activities that promote relaxation and reduce stress. This could include practices such as meditation, deep breathing exercises, or gentle prenatal yoga.
Additionally, prioritize sleep and rest to ensure your body is well-rested and recharged. Get plenty of restful sleep each night and listen to your body’s signals during the day. Don’t hesitate to take breaks and rest when needed.
Remember to also nourish your body with a healthy diet and engage in regular physical activity that is safe for you and your baby. Maintaining a well-balanced lifestyle can contribute to your overall well-being and help manage your blood pressure.
Emotional support and coping strategies are crucial for pregnant women with hypertension. Seek support, practice self-care, and remember to take things one day at a time. Always consult with your healthcare provider for personalized guidance and treatment options that are right for you.
Impact of High Blood Pressure on the Baby and Long-Term Effects
Pregnancy-induced high blood pressure, also known as gestational hypertension, can have significant effects on the baby and long-term health outcomes.
Effects on the Baby
High blood pressure during pregnancy can restrict blood flow to the baby, leading to inadequate oxygen and nutrient supply. This can result in various complications, such as:
- Low birth weight
- Preterm birth
- Intrauterine growth restriction
- Placental abruption
- Preeclampsia
These complications can affect the baby’s health and development both in the short and long term. Babies born with low birth weight or preterm are at a higher risk of experiencing developmental delays, respiratory problems, and other health issues.
Long-Term Effects
The impact of high blood pressure during pregnancy can extend beyond the immediate newborn period. Research has shown that individuals born to mothers with pregnancy-induced hypertension are more likely to develop high blood pressure and other cardiovascular diseases later in life. This suggests that there may be long-term effects on the cardiovascular health of individuals who were exposed to high blood pressure in the womb.
Furthermore, studies have also suggested a link between gestational hypertension and an increased risk of metabolic disorders, such as diabetes and obesity, in the offspring. These long-term health effects underline the importance of proper management and monitoring of high blood pressure during pregnancy.
| Effects on the Baby | Long-Term Effects |
|---|---|
| Low birth weight | Increased risk of high blood pressure and cardiovascular diseases |
| Preterm birth | Higher likelihood of metabolic disorders |
| Intrauterine growth restriction | |
| Placental abruption | |
| Preeclampsia |
Postpartum Care for Women with a History of Hypertension
Women who have experienced pregnancy-induced hypertension, also known as gestational hypertension, during their pregnancy may require special postpartum care to manage their blood pressure effectively. It is important to closely monitor blood pressure levels in the weeks following delivery, as elevated blood pressure can persist even after childbirth.
During pregnancy, women may develop hypertension due to factors related to pregnancy itself, such as increased blood volume and hormonal changes. While pregnancy-induced hypertension typically resolves after delivery, some women may continue to experience elevated blood pressure in the postpartum period.
Postpartum care for women with a history of hypertension should include regular blood pressure monitoring and close follow-up with a healthcare provider. It is important for women to report any symptoms of high blood pressure, such as headaches, visual disturbances, or swelling, to their healthcare provider immediately.
In addition to blood pressure monitoring, postpartum care for women with a history of hypertension may involve lifestyle modifications to promote overall cardiovascular health. These may include recommendations for a healthy diet, regular exercise, stress management techniques, and avoiding substances that can elevate blood pressure, such as tobacco and excessive sodium intake.
Some women with pregnancy-induced hypertension may require medication to control their blood pressure in the postpartum period. It is important for healthcare providers to carefully assess the risks and benefits of pharmacological interventions for women who are breastfeeding or planning to breastfeed.
Regular postpartum check-ups are crucial for women with a history of hypertension to ensure their blood pressure remains within a healthy range. By closely monitoring blood pressure and taking appropriate measures to manage hypertension, women can minimize their risk of long-term complications associated with high blood pressure.
Consulting with Experts: Specialists for Managing Hypertension During Pregnancy
During pregnancy, many women may develop pregnancy-induced hypertension, also known as high blood pressure. Managing this condition is crucial for both the health of the mother and the baby. Consulting with experts who specialize in managing hypertension during pregnancy can provide important guidance and support.
There are several types of specialists who can help with the management of high blood pressure during pregnancy:
| Specialist | Description |
|---|---|
| Obstetrician/Gynecologist (OB/GYN) | An OB/GYN is a doctor who specializes in women’s reproductive health. They can monitor the pregnancy, prescribe medication if necessary, and make recommendations for lifestyle changes. |
| Maternal-Fetal Medicine (MFM) Specialist | An MFM specialist is an obstetrician who has additional training in high-risk pregnancies. They can provide advanced monitoring and treatment options for women with hypertension during pregnancy. |
| Cardiologist | A cardiologist is a doctor who specializes in heart health. They can assess the impact of high blood pressure on the cardiovascular system and provide tailored treatment plans. |
| Nephrologist | A nephrologist is a doctor who specializes in kidney health. They can assess the impact of high blood pressure on the kidneys and provide appropriate management strategies. |
| Registered Dietitian | A registered dietitian can provide guidance on a healthy diet to manage high blood pressure. They can help develop meal plans that are low in sodium and provide essential nutrients for both the mother and the baby. |
Consulting with these specialists can help ensure that pregnant women with hypertension receive comprehensive care tailored to their specific needs. Each specialist brings unique expertise and can work together to develop an individualized management plan.
Remember, it is important to consult with healthcare professionals to effectively manage high blood pressure during pregnancy and ensure the best outcome for both the mother and the baby.