Did you recently take a pregnancy test and were disappointed to see a negative result? If so, you may be wondering why it came out negative and what could be the reasons for it. There are several factors that can cause a negative result, even if you are pregnant.
One of the main reasons for a negative pregnancy test is taking the test too early. Pregnancy tests are designed to detect the hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), which is only produced when a fertilized egg implants into the uterus. It takes a few days for hCG levels to rise and become detectable in urine, so if you take the test too soon after conception, it may not show a positive result.
Another possible reason for a negative pregnancy test is a faulty test. While home pregnancy tests are generally accurate, there is still a chance of getting a false negative result. This can happen if the test is expired, not used correctly, or if the sensitivity of the test is not high enough to detect low levels of hCG. It’s important to carefully follow the instructions on the package and to use a reputable brand.
Other factors that can cause a negative pregnancy test include an ectopic pregnancy, where the fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, or a chemical pregnancy, which is an early miscarriage. In these cases, the pregnancy hormone levels may not be high enough to be detected by a home pregnancy test. If you suspect that you may be experiencing any of these conditions, it’s important to seek medical attention for further evaluation.
In conclusion, there can be several reasons why a pregnancy test shows a negative result, including taking the test too early, using a faulty test, or experiencing an ectopic or chemical pregnancy. If you are concerned about the accuracy of your test result or if you have been trying to conceive without success, it’s best to consult with a healthcare professional who can provide guidance and further testing if necessary.
Factors affecting pregnancy test accuracy
There are several reasons why a pregnancy test may come back with a negative result, even if you are pregnant. Understanding these factors can help explain why your test did not show a positive result.
1. Testing too early: Pregnancy tests detect the presence of the hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in urine. However, hCG levels may not be high enough to be detected in the early stages of pregnancy. It is recommended to wait until you have missed your period to take a pregnancy test for more accurate results.
2. Incorrect usage: Pregnancy tests need to be used correctly and following the instructions provided with the test. Failure to do so can result in an inaccurate result. Ensure that you are using the test at the right time, reading the results within the specified timeframe, and following the instructions for urine collection.
3. Expired or faulty test: Using an expired pregnancy test or a faulty test can lead to incorrect results. Always check the expiration date before using a test, and if the test shows no result or a faulty result, consider trying a different brand or contacting the manufacturer for assistance.
4. Diluted urine: If you consume a large amount of fluids before taking a pregnancy test, it can lead to diluted urine, which may affect the accuracy of the test. To obtain a more concentrated urine sample, consider taking the test first thing in the morning when the urine is most concentrated.
5. Ectopic pregnancy: In some cases, a negative pregnancy test could be due to an ectopic pregnancy, where the fertilized egg implants outside the uterus. Ectopic pregnancies can produce lower levels of hCG, which may not be detected by a standard urine pregnancy test. If you experience symptoms such as abdominal pain or unusual bleeding along with a negative test, it is important to consult your healthcare provider for further evaluation.
6. Recent miscarriage or abortion: After a miscarriage or abortion, it may take some time for hCG levels to return to zero. If you take a pregnancy test too soon after a miscarriage or abortion, it may still show a positive result, even though you are no longer pregnant. It is recommended to wait for a few weeks before taking a pregnancy test to ensure accurate results.
7. Medications or medical conditions: Certain medications and medical conditions can interfere with hCG production or affect the accuracy of a pregnancy test. If you are taking any medications or have a medical condition that may affect your hormone levels, it is important to discuss this with your healthcare provider.
It is always recommended to follow up with a healthcare provider if you are unsure about the results of a pregnancy test or if you have concerns about your pregnancy status. They can provide further testing and guidance based on your individual situation.
Timing of taking a pregnancy test
One of the most common reasons for a negative pregnancy test is taking the test too early. Pregnancy tests work by detecting the presence of a hormone called hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin), which is produced by the placenta after a fertilized egg attaches to the uterus. However, it takes time for hCG levels to rise to a detectable level in the body.
If you take a pregnancy test too soon, before the hCG levels have had a chance to build up, the test may come back negative even if you are pregnant. It is recommended to wait until at least the first day of your missed period to take a pregnancy test for the most accurate result.
Another reason for a negative pregnancy test could be that the test was not done correctly. It is important to carefully follow the instructions provided with the test to ensure accurate results. Using the wrong type of test or not waiting long enough for the results can also cause a false negative.
If you have taken a pregnancy test and it came back negative but you still have not gotten your period, there could be several reasons for this. One possibility is that you ovulated later than usual, which would delay the timing of when a pregnancy test would show a positive result. Stress, hormonal imbalances, and certain medical conditions can also cause changes in your menstrual cycle.
If you are trying to conceive and have been consistently getting negative pregnancy test results, it may be worth speaking with a healthcare provider to rule out any underlying causes for the negative results. They can provide guidance on when and how to take a pregnancy test, as well as offer information on potential reasons for the negative tests.
In conclusion, the timing of when you take a pregnancy test can greatly affect the results. Waiting until the first day of your missed period and carefully following the instructions on the test can help ensure the most accurate outcome. If you are unsure about the results or have concerns about possible underlying causes, it is always best to consult with a healthcare provider.
Incorrect usage of a pregnancy test
One of the reasons for a negative pregnancy test result could be the incorrect usage of the test. It is important to follow the instructions carefully to ensure accurate results.
Firstly, it is essential to check the expiration date of the test. Using an expired test can lead to unreliable results.
Secondly, the test should be taken at the right time. Most home pregnancy tests recommend taking the test after a missed period. Taking the test too early may result in a negative result, even if you are pregnant. It is also important to take the test in the morning when the urine is more concentrated, as it can increase the accuracy of the result.
Another common mistake is not holding the test in the urine stream for the required amount of time. Each test has a specific time mentioned in the instructions, and not following this can affect the accuracy of the result.
Using a test that is not sensitive enough for early detection is also a reason for a negative result. Some tests are designed to detect lower levels of hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) hormone, which is produced during pregnancy, while others are less sensitive. Depending on when you take the test, it is important to choose the appropriate sensitivity level for accurate results.
There are also certain medications and medical conditions that could interfere with the results of a pregnancy test. Medications containing hCG, such as some fertility treatments, may cause a false positive result. On the other hand, certain medications and medical conditions might interfere with hCG production, leading to a false negative result.
In conclusion, there are various reasons why a pregnancy test could show a negative result. It is important to carefully read and follow the instructions, check the expiration date, take the test at the right time, and choose a test with the appropriate sensitivity level. If the test still shows a negative result and there are reasons to suspect pregnancy, it is recommended to consult a healthcare professional for further evaluation.
Testing too early in pregnancy
If you take a pregnancy test too early, you may get a negative result. But what could be the reasons for a negative pregnancy test? There are several potential causes for a negative result, one of which is testing too early in the pregnancy. Pregnancy tests work by detecting the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) hormone in your urine. However, the level of hCG may not be high enough to show a positive result in the early stages of pregnancy.
It is important to remember that hCG levels vary from woman to woman and can take some time to build up after conception. If you test too soon, the hCG levels may be too low for the test to accurately detect. This could result in a false negative.
If you have recently had unprotected sex and are wondering why your test came back negative, it is possible that you simply took the test too soon. It is recommended to wait at least a week after a missed period to take a pregnancy test. Waiting longer will allow your hCG levels to rise, increasing the accuracy of the test.
So, if you are wondering why your pregnancy test came back negative, consider the possibility that you may have tested too early. Waiting a few more days and taking another test could give you a different result.
False negatives and user errors
One of the most frustrating experiences for women trying to conceive is seeing a negative result on a pregnancy test, especially when they were expecting a positive result. So, why could a pregnancy test come back as a negative result?
There are several reasons for a false negative result. The most common reason is testing too early. Pregnancy tests detect the hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in urine, which is only produced after implantation occurs. Implantation typically happens around 6-12 days after ovulation, so testing before this time may not give accurate results.
User errors can also cause a false negative result. Reading the instructions incorrectly, using an expired or faulty test, or not following the instructions properly can all lead to an incorrect result. It is important to carefully read and follow the instructions provided with the test to ensure accurate results.
Another potential reason for a negative result is a diluted urine sample. Pregnancy tests require a certain concentration of hCG in the urine to provide an accurate result. Drinking too much water and having excessive urination before taking the test can dilute the hCG levels and result in a false negative.
In some cases, a negative result could indicate a very early pregnancy or an ectopic pregnancy. Ectopic pregnancies occur when the fertilized egg implants outside of the uterus, typically in the fallopian tube. This can cause a negative result on a urine pregnancy test because hCG levels may not rise as rapidly or as high as in a normal pregnancy.
If a negative result is received and pregnancy is still suspected, it is recommended to wait a few days and retest. The hCG levels increase rapidly in early pregnancy, so a negative result may become positive with time. If the negative results continue and pregnancy is desired, it is recommended to speak with a healthcare provider to further investigate the cause of the negative results.
Health conditions affecting pregnancy test results
Are you wondering why your pregnancy test came back negative? There could be several health conditions that may cause the test to show a negative result.
One common reason for a negative test result is testing too early. Pregnancy tests detect the presence of a hormone called human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), which is only produced after a fertilized egg attaches to the uterus. If the test is taken too soon after conception, the hCG levels may not be high enough to be detected, resulting in a negative test.
Another reason for a negative result could be a diluted urine sample. If you drink a lot of fluids before taking the test, it can dilute the hCG levels in your urine and make it harder for the test to detect the hormone. It is recommended to use your first-morning urine for the most accurate results.
Certain health conditions, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and thyroid disorders, can also affect pregnancy test results. PCOS can cause hormonal imbalances, leading to irregular menstrual cycles and difficulties in conceiving. Thyroid disorders can also disrupt the hormonal balance and impact fertility. These conditions may result in a negative test even if you are pregnant.
If you suspect that your negative test result is not accurate or you are experiencing pregnancy symptoms despite the negative test, it is important to consult with your healthcare provider. They can perform further tests to determine the cause of the negative result and provide appropriate guidance.
In conclusion, there are several reasons why a pregnancy test could show a negative result. Testing too early, using a diluted urine sample, and certain health conditions can all affect the accuracy of the test. If you have concerns or questions about your test result, it is best to consult with a healthcare professional for further evaluation.
Effect of medications on pregnancy test outcomes
When it comes to pregnancy tests, the results can sometimes be confusing and leave you wondering why your test came back negative. There are several reasons that could cause a negative pregnancy test, and one of them is the effect of medications.
If you have recently taken medications that could affect the results of a pregnancy test, it is important to understand how they may impact the test. Some medications can interfere with the hormonal changes that occur during pregnancy, leading to a negative result on the test.
What medications could cause a negative pregnancy test?
There are certain medications that have been known to affect pregnancy test results. These medications include:
- Birth control pills: Hormonal birth control methods, such as the pill, can impact the hormonal balance in your body and potentially cause a negative pregnancy test.
- Antibiotics: Certain antibiotics, such as tetracycline, can interfere with the accuracy of pregnancy test results.
- Diuretics: Diuretics can affect the concentration of hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) in your urine, which is the hormone that pregnancy tests detect.
- Antidepressants: Some antidepressant medications can alter hormone levels, potentially leading to a negative test result.
Why did my medication cause a negative pregnancy test?
The specific mechanism by which medications can cause a negative pregnancy test may vary depending on the medication. Some medications can disrupt the hormonal balance in your body, making it more difficult for the test to accurately detect the presence of hCG. Other medications may interfere with the chemical reactions that occur in the test, leading to an incorrect result.
It is important to note that if you suspect that your medication is affecting the results of a pregnancy test, it is always best to consult with your healthcare provider. They can provide you with more information about how your specific medication may impact the test results and offer advice on what steps to take next.
In conclusion, medications can have an effect on pregnancy test outcomes. If you are taking any medications and receive a negative result on a pregnancy test, it is important to consider the potential impact of those medications. Consulting with a healthcare professional can help you understand why your test came back negative and what steps you should take next.
Heterotopic pregnancy and false-negative results
A heterotopic pregnancy occurs when a woman simultaneously has both an intrauterine pregnancy (pregnancy occurring inside the uterus) and an ectopic pregnancy (pregnancy occurring outside the uterus, typically in the fallopian tube). This is a rare occurrence, but it can happen, especially in women who have undergone fertility treatments or have certain risk factors.
When a woman suspects she might be pregnant and takes a pregnancy test, the test is designed to detect the presence of the human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) hormone in her urine or blood. However, in the case of a heterotopic pregnancy, the hCG levels may not be high enough to be detected in the ongoing pregnancy occurring inside the uterus. As a result, the pregnancy test may come back negative, indicating a false-negative result.
So, why did my pregnancy test not show a positive result? There can be several reasons for a negative result. If you took the test too early in your pregnancy, the levels of hCG in your body may not have been high enough to be detected by the test. It is recommended to wait until your missed period to take the test for more accurate results.
Another possible reason for a negative result could be a miscalculation of the ovulation date or the implantation of the fertilized egg. If you took the test too soon after the potential fertilization or implantation, the hCG levels may not have reached a detectable level yet.
In some cases, a negative result could also be due to a defective or expired pregnancy test. It is important to check the expiration date of the test and make sure it is not damaged or faulty. Using a reputable brand and following the instructions carefully can help ensure accurate results.
If you suspect that you could have a heterotopic pregnancy or another medical condition that could cause a false-negative result, it is recommended to consult with a healthcare professional. They can perform further tests to confirm or rule out a pregnancy and investigate any possible underlying causes for the negative result.
Chemical pregnancy and false-negative results
When you take a pregnancy test and the result is negative, it can be disappointing and confusing. You may wonder why the test didn’t show a positive result, especially if you were trying to get pregnant. There are several reasons why a pregnancy test could come back negative, and one possibility is a chemical pregnancy.
What is a chemical pregnancy?
A chemical pregnancy, also known as an early miscarriage, is a pregnancy that ends shortly after implantation. It occurs when an egg is fertilized but does not develop into a viable pregnancy. In most cases, a chemical pregnancy occurs before a woman even realizes she is pregnant. It often happens because there was a chromosomal abnormality or some other issue with the embryo that prevented it from developing properly.
During a chemical pregnancy, the body produces hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin), the hormone that is detected by pregnancy tests. However, the levels of hCG may be too low to be detected by a home pregnancy test. This is why a pregnancy test taken during a chemical pregnancy may show a negative result.
False-negative results
In addition to chemical pregnancies, there are other reasons why a pregnancy test may show a negative result when you are actually pregnant. False-negative results can occur if you take the test too early, before there is enough hCG in your urine to be detected. It is recommended to wait at least a week after a missed period before taking a pregnancy test to ensure more accurate results.
Other factors that can cause a false-negative result include using a test that is expired or not following the instructions correctly. It is important to carefully read and follow the instructions that come with the pregnancy test to ensure accurate results.
If you have taken a pregnancy test and the result is negative, but you still have symptoms of pregnancy or are unsure about the result, it is best to consult with a healthcare provider. They can perform a blood test or a more sensitive urine test to confirm or rule out pregnancy.
Ectopic pregnancy and negative test results
What happens when you’re experiencing symptoms of pregnancy but your test results are negative? One possible explanation could be an ectopic pregnancy.
An ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants itself outside of the uterus, typically in the fallopian tubes. This can cause a variety of symptoms, including abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, and a missed period. However, because the fertilized egg is not implanted in the uterus, a pregnancy test may show up negative.
So, why do negative test results occur in the case of an ectopic pregnancy? The reason is that most pregnancy tests are designed to detect the presence of the pregnancy hormone, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), in the urine or blood. In a normal, healthy pregnancy, hCG levels rise rapidly and can be easily detected by a pregnancy test. However, in the case of an ectopic pregnancy, hCG levels may not rise as quickly or may be lower than normal, resulting in a negative test result.
It’s important to note that a negative pregnancy test does not necessarily mean you don’t have an ectopic pregnancy. If you’ve been experiencing symptoms of pregnancy and your test results are negative, it’s crucial to seek medical attention. An ectopic pregnancy can be a medical emergency and may require immediate treatment to prevent serious complications.
In conclusion, if you are experiencing symptoms of pregnancy but your test results come back negative, an ectopic pregnancy could be the cause. It’s important to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the underlying cause and receive appropriate treatment.
Low hCG levels leading to negative pregnancy test
Did you take a pregnancy test and it came back negative? Wondering why the test did not show a positive result? One possible reason could be low hCG levels.
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a hormone that is produced during pregnancy. It is the hormone that is detected by pregnancy tests to confirm if you are pregnant or not. When you are pregnant, hCG levels increase rapidly, doubling every two to three days in early pregnancy. However, if your hCG levels are low, it may not be enough to trigger a positive result on a pregnancy test.
So, what could cause low hCG levels? There are several reasons for this. It could be that you took the test too early, before your hCG levels have had a chance to rise enough to be detected by the test. It could also be that you have an ectopic pregnancy. In this case, the fertilized egg implants outside of the uterus, resulting in lower hCG levels than a normal pregnancy.
Other causes of low hCG levels include a miscarriage or a failing pregnancy, where the pregnancy is not developing as it should. Some medical conditions, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), can also cause lower hCG levels. Additionally, certain medications or fertility treatments can affect hCG production.
If you have taken a pregnancy test and it came back negative, but you believe you are pregnant or are trying to conceive, it is best to consult with a healthcare provider. They can help determine if low hCG levels are the cause and provide appropriate guidance and testing.
Remember, a negative pregnancy test result does not always mean you are not pregnant. It could simply mean that your hCG levels are too low to be detected at this time. If you have concerns or questions, it is always best to seek medical advice.
Missed miscarriage and negative pregnancy test
If you have experienced a missed miscarriage and received a negative pregnancy test result, you may be wondering why the test is negative. There could be several reasons for this.
One possible reason is that the pregnancy hormone levels may have dropped back to normal before you took the test. In a missed miscarriage, the pregnancy has stopped developing but the body may still continue to produce pregnancy hormones for a short period of time. If you took the test after the hormone levels have decreased, it could show a negative result.
Another reason could be that you did not wait long enough after the miscarriage for the hormone levels to come back down. It is recommended to wait at least a week after a miscarriage to take a pregnancy test to ensure accurate results. If you took the test too soon, it could show a negative result even though you were pregnant.
It is also possible that the test itself was faulty or expired, leading to a negative result. Make sure to check the expiration date of the test and follow the instructions carefully to ensure accurate results.
Overall, a negative pregnancy test result after a missed miscarriage does not necessarily mean that you were never pregnant. It could be due to various reasons such as the timing of the test, hormone levels, or the quality of the test itself. If you are unsure about the result, it is always best to consult with a healthcare professional for further guidance.
Pregnancy test sensitivity and detection limit
One of the top reasons for a negative pregnancy test is that the test was done too early. Pregnancy tests are designed to detect the presence of a hormone called human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in a woman’s body. This hormone is produced by the placenta, and its levels start to rise shortly after implantation occurs, which usually happens about six to twelve days after fertilization.
If you take a pregnancy test too early, there might not be enough hCG in your body for the test to detect. In this case, the test will show a negative result, even if you are pregnant. It is recommended to wait a few days and take the test again to ensure accurate results.
An important factor to consider when it comes to pregnancy tests is their sensitivity and detection limit. The sensitivity of a test refers to its ability to detect low levels of hCG in the urine. The detection limit, on the other hand, represents the lowest level of hCG that the test can detect.
Some pregnancy tests are more sensitive than others, meaning they can detect lower levels of hCG. These tests are often referred to as “early detection” or “ultrasensitive” tests. They can provide accurate results earlier than other tests. However, even with a highly sensitive test, taking it too early can still result in a negative result.
If you are wondering why your pregnancy test came back negative, one reason could be that the test you used was not sensitive enough to detect the low levels of hCG in your urine. It is essential to choose a test that suits your needs and meets your expectations for accuracy and early detection.
It is also important to follow the instructions carefully when taking a pregnancy test. Using the test incorrectly, such as not using enough urine or reading the results outside of the specified time frame, could lead to inaccurate results.
What can cause a negative pregnancy test?
Besides taking the test too early or using it incorrectly, there are other reasons why a pregnancy test may show a negative result. These include:
- Having an irregular menstrual cycle
- Being in the very early stages of pregnancy
- Having an ectopic pregnancy
- Experiencing a chemical pregnancy
- Taking certain medications that interfere with hCG levels
- Having diluted urine
What to do if you get a negative result?
If you get a negative result on your pregnancy test but still believe that you might be pregnant, it is recommended to wait a few days and take another test. If you continue to have concerns or if your period does not come back, it is advised to consult with a healthcare professional to explore the potential causes of the negative result.
Faulty or expired pregnancy test kits
One reason why a pregnancy test may show a negative result is if the test kit is faulty or expired. Pregnancy test kits are designed to detect the hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in a woman’s urine, which is produced during pregnancy. However, if the test kit is faulty or past its expiration date, it may not be able to accurately detect the hCG hormone, resulting in a negative test.
It is important to check the expiration date on the pregnancy test kit before using it. If the kit has expired, it is recommended to get a new one to ensure accurate results. Additionally, if the test kit was not stored properly, such as being exposed to extreme temperatures or humidity, it may also affect its accuracy.
If a negative result is obtained from a pregnancy test and there is a possibility of pregnancy, it is recommended to take another test with a different kit to confirm the result. There is a chance that the initial negative result was due to a faulty or expired test kit.
What are the possible reasons for a negative pregnancy test result?
Aside from faulty or expired test kits, there are other reasons why a pregnancy test may show a negative result:
- Testing too early: Pregnancy tests are most accurate when taken after a missed period. Testing too early may not give enough time for the hCG hormone to build up in the body.
- Using diluted urine: When taking a pregnancy test, it is recommended to use concentrated urine, especially during the early morning when the hCG hormone is most concentrated. Using diluted urine, such as drinking excessive fluids before the test, may affect the accuracy of the result.
- Improper test technique: It is important to carefully follow the instructions provided with the pregnancy test kit. Failure to do so, such as not holding the test stick in the urine stream long enough or dipping it too deep, may lead to inaccurate results.
- Medical conditions or medications: Certain medical conditions, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), or medications that affect hormone levels can interfere with the accuracy of a pregnancy test.
- Ectopic pregnancy: In rare cases, a negative pregnancy test may result from an ectopic pregnancy, where the fertilized egg implants outside of the uterus. This can cause lower levels of hCG to be present in the urine.
If a negative pregnancy test result does not align with your symptoms or you still suspect pregnancy, it is recommended to consult with a healthcare professional for further evaluation.
Psychological factors influencing pregnancy test results
When a negative result shows up on a pregnancy test, it can be confusing and frustrating. Many women wonder what could have caused this negative result. While there are many reasons for a negative pregnancy test, some are psychological in nature.
One of the main psychological factors that can influence a negative pregnancy test is stress. Stress can have a profound effect on a woman’s body and can potentially disrupt the hormonal balance necessary for a positive pregnancy test result. If a woman is experiencing high levels of stress, it is possible that it could cause the test to come back negative.
Another psychological factor that can influence a negative pregnancy test is anxiety. If a woman is anxious about the possibility of being pregnant, it can create a mental block that can interfere with the accurate reading of the test. This anxiety can lead to doubts and fears, which may cause the test to show a negative result even if the woman is actually pregnant.
Fear can also play a role in influencing a negative pregnancy test result. If a woman is afraid of the outcome of the test, she may subconsciously sabotage the result by not following the instructions properly or by not providing a sufficient sample for testing. This fear can prevent an accurate result from being obtained.
Additionally, a woman’s mindset and beliefs about her own fertility can impact the results of a pregnancy test. If a woman has negative beliefs about her ability to conceive, it can manifest in a negative test result. These negative beliefs can create doubt and uncertainty, which can translate into a negative pregnancy test.
It is important to note that while psychological factors can influence a negative pregnancy test result, it is not the sole cause. There are other factors, such as timing of the test, the sensitivity of the test, or a low level of the pregnancy hormone, that could also contribute to a negative result. If a negative result is obtained and there is a suspicion of pregnancy, it is recommended to consult with a healthcare professional.
| Why did my pregnancy test come back negative? | What are the reasons for a negative pregnancy test? |
|---|---|
| – Stress | – Timing of the test |
| – Anxiety | – Sensitivity of the test |
| – Fear | – Low level of the pregnancy hormone |
| – Beliefs about fertility | – Other medical conditions |