Pregnancy is a beautiful and life-changing experience for every woman. During this period, it is crucial to prioritize your health and the health of your baby. One way to do so is by ensuring that you are getting all the necessary nutrients, including vitamins. Vitamins play a crucial role during pregnancy as they provide essential benefits for both the mother and the baby. Therefore, it is highly recommended to incorporate a variety of vitamin-rich foods into your diet or to take vitamin supplements to meet the increased nutrient needs during pregnancy.
So, what are the best vitamins for a healthy pregnancy? First and foremost, a prenatal vitamin containing folic acid is highly recommended. Folic acid is necessary for the development of the baby’s brain and spinal cord, especially during the first trimester. It helps prevent neural tube defects and other birth defects. Additionally, it is important to consume foods or supplements rich in iron as it is necessary for the production of red blood cells and the prevention of iron deficiency anemia, which is common during pregnancy.
Vitamin D is also crucial during pregnancy as it supports the development of the baby’s bones and teeth. It is particularly beneficial for mothers who have limited sun exposure or who live in areas with minimal sunlight. Another important vitamin is calcium, which is essential for the development of the baby’s bones and teeth as well as for the proper functioning of the mother’s muscles and nerves. Consuming dairy products, leafy green vegetables, and fortified foods can help meet the recommended daily intake of calcium.
In conclusion, it is important to prioritize your nutritional intake during pregnancy, and incorporating the right vitamins into your diet is a good way to ensure a healthy pregnancy. While it is best to obtain vitamins from natural food sources, supplements can also be beneficial, especially if you have specific dietary restrictions or if you are unable to meet the recommended daily intake through food alone. Consult with your healthcare provider to determine what vitamins are necessary for your specific needs and to ensure a healthy and successful pregnancy.
Importance of Vitamins during Pregnancy
What is the importance of vitamins during pregnancy? During pregnancy, it is crucial for women to consume a well-balanced diet that includes all the essential nutrients, including vitamins. Vitamins play a vital role in supporting the growth and development of the baby, as well as maintaining the health of the mother.
Which vitamins are recommended during pregnancy? There are several vitamins that are particularly beneficial for pregnant women. These include:
1. Folic acid: Folic acid is essential for the early development of the baby’s neural tube. It helps prevent certain birth defects, such as spina bifida. Pregnant women are recommended to take 400 to 800 micrograms of folic acid daily.
2. Iron: Iron is necessary for the production of red blood cells and oxygen transport to both the mother and the baby. Pregnant women need more iron to support the increased blood volume. It is recommended to consume iron-rich foods or take iron supplements as prescribed by a healthcare provider.
3. Calcium: Calcium is essential for the development of the baby’s bones and teeth. It also helps maintain the mother’s bone density during pregnancy. Dairy products, fortified foods, and supplements are good sources of calcium.
4. Vitamin D: Vitamin D is important for calcium absorption and bone health. Sun exposure and certain food sources, such as fatty fish and fortified milk, can provide vitamin D. However, in some cases, a healthcare provider may recommend vitamin D supplements.
5. Vitamin C: Vitamin C plays a crucial role in the formation of collagen, which is important for the development of the baby’s bones, cartilage, and skin. It also enhances iron absorption. Citrus fruits, berries, and leafy greens are excellent sources of vitamin C.
In conclusion, vitamins are essential during pregnancy for the optimal growth and development of the baby. It is important for pregnant women to follow a well-balanced diet and consult with a healthcare provider to ensure they are getting the recommended vitamins and nutrients for a healthy pregnancy.
Essential Vitamin Supplements for Pregnant Women
During pregnancy, it is necessary for women to have a good intake of vitamins to support the health of both the mother and the growing baby. Vitamins play a crucial role in ensuring the proper development and functioning of the baby’s organs and systems.
One of the most important vitamins for pregnant women is folic acid, also known as vitamin B9. Folic acid is necessary for the formation of the baby’s neural tube, which develops into the brain and spinal cord. It is recommended that pregnant women take 400 to 800 micrograms of folic acid daily.
Another essential vitamin during pregnancy is vitamin D. Vitamin D is beneficial for both the mother and the baby, as it helps in the absorption of calcium, which is necessary for the development of strong bones and teeth. Additionally, vitamin D has been linked to a reduced risk of gestational diabetes and preterm birth.
Iron is also a vital nutrient during pregnancy. Iron is needed to produce hemoglobin, which carries oxygen to the baby and prevents anemia in the mother. Pregnant women should consume around 27 milligrams of iron daily, as the body’s iron requirement significantly increases during pregnancy.
Furthermore, vitamin C is essential for a healthy pregnancy. Vitamin C helps in the absorption of iron and also plays a crucial role in the development of the baby’s bones and teeth. It is recommended that pregnant women consume 85 milligrams of vitamin C daily.
| Vitamin | What it is necessary for | Recommended Daily Intake |
|---|---|---|
| Folic Acid (Vitamin B9) | Formation of the baby’s neural tube | 400 – 800 micrograms |
| Vitamin D | Absorption of calcium and prevention of gestational diabetes and preterm birth | 600 – 800 IU |
| Iron | Production of hemoglobin to prevent anemia | 27 milligrams |
| Vitamin C | Absorption of iron and development of the baby’s bones and teeth | 85 milligrams |
In conclusion, taking essential vitamin supplements during pregnancy is necessary to ensure the healthy development of the baby and the well-being of the mother. Consult with a healthcare professional to determine the appropriate dosage and to discuss any specific needs or concerns during pregnancy.
Vitamin C – Promotes Healthy Immune System
Vitamin C is a beneficial vitamin for pregnancy. It is important to get enough vitamin C during pregnancy, as it plays a vital role in promoting a healthy immune system.
Having a good immune system is especially important during pregnancy because a woman’s body is supporting both her own health and the development and growth of her baby. Vitamin C helps to boost the immune system, which can be particularly helpful during this time.
It is recommended that pregnant women get around 85 milligrams of vitamin C per day. This can be easily achieved through a healthy and balanced diet. Foods that are rich in vitamin C include citrus fruits like oranges and grapefruits, strawberries, bell peppers, and broccoli.
In addition to promoting a healthy immune system, vitamin C also has other important benefits during pregnancy. It helps the body to absorb iron more efficiently, which is necessary for the production of healthy red blood cells. It also acts as an antioxidant, protecting cells from damage and supporting overall health.
Overall, getting enough vitamin C during pregnancy is essential for a healthy pregnancy. It is recommended to include a variety of vitamin C-rich foods in your diet to ensure you are getting an adequate amount. Talk to your healthcare provider about which foods and supplements are best for you during pregnancy.
Vitamin D – Supports Fetal Bone Development
Vitamin D is a necessary nutrient during pregnancy as it plays a vital role in supporting fetal bone development. So, what is vitamin D and why is it recommended for pregnancy?
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that is naturally produced in the body when the skin is exposed to sunlight. It can also be obtained through certain foods such as fatty fish, fortified dairy products, and egg yolks. However, pregnant women are often advised to take a vitamin D supplement to ensure they are getting enough.
Why is Vitamin D Recommended During Pregnancy?
Vitamin D is recommended during pregnancy because it is beneficial for both the mother and the baby. It helps the body absorb calcium, which is necessary for maintaining strong bones and teeth. This is especially important during pregnancy when the baby’s bones are developing rapidly.
In addition to supporting fetal bone development, vitamin D also plays a role in regulating the immune system and promoting healthy cell growth. It has also been linked to a reduced risk of gestational diabetes, preterm birth, and low birth weight.
How Much Vitamin D is Recommended for Pregnancy?
The recommended amount of vitamin D during pregnancy is 600 international units (IU) per day. However, some healthcare providers may recommend higher doses for women who are at a higher risk of deficiency, such as those with limited sun exposure or certain medical conditions.
It is important to talk to your healthcare provider before starting any vitamin D supplement during pregnancy to determine the appropriate dosage for you.
In conclusion, vitamin D is necessary for a healthy pregnancy. It is recommended to support fetal bone development and has additional benefits for both the mother and the baby. Make sure to include vitamin D in your pregnancy diet or talk to your healthcare provider about taking a supplement.
Vitamin E – Protects Against Free Radicals
Vitamin E is a beneficial vitamin for a healthy pregnancy. It is a fat-soluble vitamin which acts as an antioxidant in the body. Antioxidants are substances that protect cells from damage caused by harmful molecules known as free radicals. Free radicals can cause oxidative stress and may contribute to various health issues.
During pregnancy, it is recommended to consume an adequate amount of vitamin E to support overall health and wellness. Vitamin E plays a crucial role in the development of the baby and helps in the formation of red blood cells. It also helps in the proper functioning of the immune system.
What is Vitamin E?
Vitamin E is a group of eight different compounds which include four tocopherols and four tocotrienols. The most active and commonly found form of vitamin E in the body is alpha-tocopherol. Alpha-tocopherol is the form that is also available in most vitamin E supplements.
Why is Vitamin E necessary during pregnancy?
Vitamin E is necessary during pregnancy as it helps protect the cells from the damaging effects of free radicals. It supports the development and growth of the baby and helps in the formation of red blood cells. It also has a role in maintaining a healthy immune system during pregnancy.
It is important to note that while vitamin E is important for a healthy pregnancy, excessive intake of vitamin E supplements should be avoided without the guidance of a healthcare professional. It is always recommended to obtain essential nutrients, including vitamin E, from a balanced diet.
In conclusion, vitamin E is essential for a healthy pregnancy as it protects against free radicals, supports the development of the baby, and helps in the formation of red blood cells. Consuming a balanced diet rich in vitamin E sources such as nuts, seeds, and spinach is recommended during pregnancy to ensure adequate intake of this important vitamin. Always consult with a healthcare professional for personalized advice and guidance during pregnancy.
Vitamin B9 (Folate) – Prevents Birth Defects
During pregnancy, it is necessary to consume the right amount of vitamins for the health of both the mother and the developing baby. One vitamin that is particularly beneficial and necessary during pregnancy is vitamin B9, also known as folate.
Folate is an essential nutrient that plays a crucial role in the development of the baby’s neural tube, which eventually becomes the brain and spinal cord. Adequate levels of folate during pregnancy can help prevent certain birth defects, such as spina bifida and anencephaly.
What is Folate?
Folate is a water-soluble B vitamin that is naturally found in foods such as leafy green vegetables, legumes, and citrus fruits. It can also be obtained through fortified foods or supplements. The synthetic form of folate is called folic acid, which is commonly used in supplements and fortified foods.
Why is Folate Important During Pregnancy?
Folate is crucial for the proper development of the baby’s neural tube, especially during the first few weeks of pregnancy when the neural tube is forming. Insufficient folate intake during this critical period can increase the risk of neural tube defects.
Additionally, folate plays a key role in the production of red blood cells, which are essential for delivering oxygen to the baby. It also helps in the development of the baby’s DNA and supports normal cell division.
Getting enough folate during pregnancy is not only good for the baby but also for the mother. It may reduce the risk of preeclampsia and certain types of anemia.
Recommended Intake of Folate During Pregnancy
The recommended intake of folate during pregnancy is 600-800 micrograms per day. This can usually be achieved through a balanced diet that includes folate-rich foods. However, some women may need to take a folic acid supplement to meet their daily requirements.
It is important to discuss with a healthcare provider about the appropriate amount of folate to consume during pregnancy, as individual needs may vary.
In conclusion, vitamin B9, also known as folate, is a crucial nutrient that is beneficial and necessary during pregnancy. Adequate intake of folate can help prevent certain birth defects and support the overall health of both the mother and the developing baby.
Vitamin B12 – Ensures Healthy Nervous System
Vitamin B12 is a crucial nutrient which is highly recommended during pregnancy. It plays a vital role in maintaining a healthy nervous system for both the mother and the developing baby.
During pregnancy, the need for vitamin B12 increases as it is necessary for the production of DNA and the normal growth of cells. It is also beneficial for the formation of red blood cells and the prevention of anemia in both the mother and the baby.
Vitamin B12 is found in animal products such as meat, fish, dairy, and eggs. For those following a vegetarian or vegan diet, it may be necessary to take supplements to ensure adequate levels of this vitamin during pregnancy.
What makes vitamin B12 so important during pregnancy? Well, it is involved in the production of myelin, which is a protective covering for nerve cells. This ensures that the nervous system develops properly in the baby, preventing any potential developmental issues.
Furthermore, vitamin B12 is important for the mother’s mental health during and after pregnancy. It helps in the production of serotonin, a neurotransmitter that regulates mood, appetite, and sleep. Adequate levels of vitamin B12 can help prevent mood disorders such as postpartum depression.
In conclusion, taking vitamin B12 during pregnancy is not only necessary for the normal development of the baby’s nervous system but also beneficial for the overall health and well-being of the mother. It is important to include sources of vitamin B12 in the diet or consider taking supplements if following a vegetarian or vegan diet.
| Food Sources of Vitamin B12: |
|---|
| Meat (beef, poultry, pork) |
| Fish (salmon, trout, tuna) |
| Dairy products (milk, cheese, yogurt) |
| Eggs |
Iron – Prevents Anemia and Supports Oxygen Supply
Iron is a vital nutrient for a healthy pregnancy. It is essential for the production of hemoglobin, a protein that carries oxygen in the red blood cells. During pregnancy, the demand for oxygen increases as the body needs to supply oxygen to both the mother and the growing baby. Therefore, having adequate iron levels is crucial to prevent anemia and ensure a healthy oxygen supply during pregnancy.
Anemia is a condition characterized by low levels of red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood. It can lead to fatigue, weakness, and a higher risk of infections. Iron deficiency anemia is common during pregnancy due to the increased blood volume and the needs of the developing fetus.
Iron is especially beneficial during pregnancy because it supports the baby’s growth and development. It plays a crucial role in the production of DNA, energy metabolism, and brain development. Iron also supports the formation of the placenta and helps prevent low birth weight and premature delivery.
It is recommended that pregnant women consume an additional 27 milligrams of iron per day, compared to non-pregnant women. This is because the body’s iron requirements increase during pregnancy to support the growth of the baby and the expansion of blood volume. Pregnant women can obtain iron from both animal and plant sources, such as lean meats, poultry, fish, legumes, leafy green vegetables, and fortified cereals.
Taking iron supplements may be necessary if the woman’s iron levels are low or if she is at a higher risk of iron deficiency anemia. However, it is important to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any supplementation as excessive iron intake can have negative effects.
In conclusion, iron is a necessary and beneficial vitamin for a healthy pregnancy. It helps prevent anemia and supports the oxygen supply to both the mother and the developing baby. Adequate iron intake, either through diet or supplements, is recommended during pregnancy to ensure optimal health for both the mother and the baby.
Calcium – Promotes Strong Bone Development
Calcium is a good and beneficial mineral that is necessary for a healthy pregnancy. It is one of the most recommended vitamins during pregnancy because it plays a crucial role in promoting strong bone development for both the mother and the baby.
During pregnancy, the baby’s bones start to develop and harden, and calcium is an essential nutrient for this process. The baby relies on the mother’s calcium intake to build strong bones and teeth. If the mother does not consume enough calcium, the baby will draw it from the mother’s bones, which can lead to bone loss and other health issues for the mother.
Calcium is also necessary for the mother’s own bone health during pregnancy. The growing baby requires a significant amount of calcium, and if the mother’s diet lacks sufficient calcium, her body may become depleted, putting her at risk for conditions such as osteoporosis later in life.
During pregnancy, it is recommended that women consume around 1,000 milligrams of calcium per day. This can be achieved through a balanced diet that includes calcium-rich foods such as milk, yogurt, cheese, leafy greens, and fortified cereals. In some cases, a doctor may also recommend calcium supplements to ensure adequate intake.
In conclusion, calcium is a vital vitamin during pregnancy. It is necessary for promoting strong bone development in both the mother and the baby. Consuming sufficient amounts of calcium through diet or supplements is recommended to maintain the mother’s health and support the baby’s bone growth.
DHA (Omega-3 Fatty Acids) – Enhances Brain Development
During pregnancy, there are several vitamins and nutrients that are recommended for optimal fetal development. One of the most essential nutrients during pregnancy is DHA, which stands for docosahexaenoic acid.
DHA is an omega-3 fatty acid that is necessary for the development of the fetal brain and eyes. It is especially important during the third trimester when the brain experiences rapid growth.
So, what makes DHA such a good vitamin for pregnancy? Firstly, DHA plays a crucial role in the formation and growth of the baby’s brain and eyes. Studies have shown that DHA supplementation during pregnancy can lead to improved cognitive function and visual acuity in children.
Benefits of DHA during pregnancy
DHA is also known to support the development of the baby’s nervous system. It helps in the formation of neurons and the proper functioning of neurotransmitters, which are essential for brain communication and coordination.
In addition to enhancing brain development, DHA has also been linked to a reduced risk of preterm birth and low birth weight. It may also help prevent certain pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia and gestational diabetes.
Sources of DHA
While DHA is naturally produced by the body, the levels may not be sufficient during pregnancy. It is therefore recommended to consume foods rich in DHA or take DHA supplements.
Some good food sources of DHA include fatty fish like salmon, mackerel, and sardines, as well as algae and seaweed. If you are vegetarian or vegan, you can opt for algae-based DHA supplements.
| Food Sources | DHA Content (per 100g) |
|---|---|
| Salmon | 1.47g |
| Mackerel | 2.67g |
| Sardines | 2.24g |
| Algae and seaweed | Varies |
Consult with your healthcare provider to determine the right DHA supplement dosage for you during pregnancy. They will be able to guide you based on your individual needs and medical history.
Magnesium – Reduces the Risk of Premature Birth
Magnesium is a recommended mineral to include in your diet during pregnancy. It is not only beneficial for your overall health but also plays a vital role in reducing the risk of premature birth.
During pregnancy, magnesium is necessary for various physiological functions such as regulating blood pressure, controlling blood sugar levels, and maintaining healthy nerve and muscle function.
Research suggests that a good intake of magnesium during pregnancy can significantly reduce the risk of premature birth. Premature birth is associated with various complications and health risks for the baby, including low birth weight, respiratory issues, and developmental delays.
Magnesium is known to have a calming effect on the body and can help prevent preterm contractions. It also supports the development of the baby’s bones and teeth.
Some good dietary sources of magnesium include green leafy vegetables, nuts, seeds, whole grains, and legumes. However, it may be difficult to get enough magnesium solely from diet, especially during pregnancy when the body’s requirements are increased.
Therefore, it is recommended to consult with your healthcare provider to determine if magnesium supplementation is necessary for your pregnancy. They can guide you on the appropriate dosage and help ensure you are getting the right amount of this essential mineral to support a healthy pregnancy.
Zinc – Supports Proper Growth and Development
During pregnancy, it is necessary to maintain a proper balance of vitamins and nutrients to ensure the healthy growth and development of the baby. One such beneficial vitamin is zinc, which is necessary for the overall well-being of both the mother and the baby.
Zinc plays a crucial role in supporting proper growth and development during pregnancy. It is involved in various biological processes, including DNA synthesis, cell division, and protein synthesis. These processes are essential for the formation of the baby’s organs, tissues, and bones.
What makes zinc particularly good for pregnancy is its ability to support the immune system. A strong immune system is necessary to protect both the mother and the baby from infections and diseases. Additionally, zinc also plays a role in wound healing, which can be beneficial during childbirth.
Zinc is recommended for pregnant women due to its numerous benefits. It helps in the development of the baby’s brain and nervous system, ensuring proper cognitive function later in life. It also aids in the production of insulin, which is essential for maintaining stable blood sugar levels during pregnancy.
Food sources rich in zinc include red meat, poultry, seafood, beans, nuts, and dairy products. However, it is recommended to consult with a healthcare provider to determine the proper dosage of zinc supplements during pregnancy. Taking excessive amounts of zinc can be harmful to both the mother and the baby.
In conclusion, zinc is an important vitamin that supports proper growth and development during pregnancy. It is necessary for the formation of the baby’s organs, tissues, and bones, as well as for maintaining a healthy immune system. However, it is important to consume zinc in moderation and consult with a healthcare provider for proper supplementation recommendations.
Vitamin A – Boosts the Immune System
Vitamin A is a necessary nutrient during pregnancy as it plays a crucial role in boosting the immune system. It is important to know what vitamin A is and which sources are recommended for pregnancy.
Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that is beneficial for overall health, especially during pregnancy. It helps support the development of the skin, eyes, and immune system of the fetus. It also promotes the growth and health of cells and tissues in both the mother and baby.
There are two types of vitamin A: retinoids and carotenoids. Retinoids, such as retinol, can be found in animal-based foods such as liver, fish, and dairy products. Carotenoids, such as beta-carotene, are found in fruits and vegetables like carrots, sweet potatoes, and spinach.
It is recommended to get vitamin A from natural food sources rather than supplements, as excessive intake of vitamin A from supplements can be harmful during pregnancy. Consuming a balanced and varied diet that includes plenty of fruits, vegetables, and animal-based foods can help ensure an adequate intake of vitamin A.
During pregnancy, vitamin A is necessary for the development of the baby’s organs, including the lungs, heart, and kidneys. It also helps boost the immune system of both the mother and baby, reducing the risk of infections and illnesses.
In conclusion, vitamin A is a crucial nutrient during pregnancy as it boosts the immune system and supports the overall health of the mother and baby. It is important to consume a balanced diet that includes natural food sources of vitamin A to ensure a healthy pregnancy.
Vitamin K – Essential for Blood Clotting
Vitamin K is a recommended nutrient during pregnancy as it is necessary for proper blood clotting. Blood clotting is important during pregnancy as it helps to prevent excessive bleeding during childbirth and can also reduce the risk of hemorrhage.
During pregnancy, the body’s demand for vitamin K increases as it is needed for the development of the fetus’s bones and teeth. It is also important for the healthy development of the baby’s brain and nervous system.
What is Vitamin K?
Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays a crucial role in blood clotting. It is primarily found in leafy green vegetables such as spinach, kale, and broccoli. Other good sources include liver, eggs, and dairy products.
There are two main forms of vitamin K: vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) and vitamin K2 (menaquinone). Vitamin K1 is found in plants and is the most common form in the diet. Vitamin K2 is produced by bacteria in the intestines and can also be obtained from animal sources.
Why is Vitamin K Beneficial During Pregnancy?
Vitamin K is important during pregnancy for several reasons:
- Blood Clotting: Vitamin K plays a key role in the synthesis of clotting factors, which are necessary for the formation of blood clots. This is important during pregnancy to prevent excessive bleeding.
- Bone Development: Vitamin K is necessary for the proper development of the baby’s bones and teeth. It helps to activate proteins that are involved in the mineralization of bone.
- Brain and Nervous System Development: Vitamin K is essential for the healthy development of the baby’s brain and nervous system. It helps to activate proteins that are involved in the growth and development of these tissues.
It is important to ensure an adequate intake of vitamin K during pregnancy to support these essential functions. Consulting with a healthcare provider can help determine the right dosage and the best food sources of vitamin K.
Choline – Supports Brain and Spinal Cord Development
During pregnancy, it is necessary to consume the right vitamins and nutrients for the healthy development of the baby. One such vitamin that is recommended for a good pregnancy is choline. This essential nutrient is beneficial for both the mother and the developing fetus.
What is Choline?
Choline is a vital nutrient that plays a crucial role in supporting brain and spinal cord development. It is classified as an essential nutrient, which means that it must be obtained through the diet as the body cannot produce enough of it on its own.
Why is Choline Necessary for Pregnancy?
Choline is especially necessary during pregnancy as it has been found to support the development of the baby’s brain and spinal cord. It helps in building and maintaining cell membranes, as well as facilitating the production of neurotransmitters that are essential for brain function.
Studies have shown that choline supplementation during pregnancy can lead to improved cognitive function and memory in offspring. It has also been associated with a reduced risk of neural tube defects, which affect the brain and spinal cord development of the baby.
Furthermore, choline plays a role in liver function, as it helps in breaking down fats and cholesterol. This is particularly important during pregnancy, as the body goes through significant metabolic changes.
How Much Choline is Recommended for a Healthy Pregnancy?
The recommended daily intake of choline during pregnancy is higher than for non-pregnant women. The Food and Nutrition Board of the National Academy of Sciences recommends a daily intake of 450 milligrams of choline for pregnant women, compared to 425 milligrams for non-pregnant women.
Good sources of choline include:
- Eggs
- Meat
- Poultry
- Fish
- Dairy products
It is important to note that the choline content in food can vary, so it is a good idea to consult with a healthcare provider to ensure adequate choline intake during pregnancy.
In conclusion, choline is a vital nutrient for a healthy pregnancy, as it supports the development of the baby’s brain and spinal cord. Adequate choline intake is recommended, and good food sources should be included in the diet to ensure proper nourishment for both the mother and the baby.